Risks Of Investing In All Types Of Bonds Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4129 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? When interest rates rise, bond prices fall; conversely, rates decline, bond prices rise. The longer the time to a bonds maturity, the greater its interest rate risks. This risk can be reduced by diversifying the durations of the fixed-income investments that are held at a given time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Risks Of Investing In All Types Of Bonds Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Interest rate risk affects the value of  bonds  more directly than stocks, and it is a major risk to all bondholders.  As interest rates rise, bond prices fall.  The rationale is that as interest rates increase, the opportunity cost of holding a bond decreases since investors are able to realize greater yields  by switching to other investments that reflect the  higher interest rate. Example For example,  a 5% bond is worth more if interest rates decrease since the bondholder  receives a fixed rate of return relative to the market, which is offering a lower rate of return as a result of the decrease in rates. Yield Curve Risk: The risk of experiencing an adverse shift in market interest rates associated with investing in a fixed income instrument.  The risk is associated with  either a flattening or steepening of the yield curve, which is a result of changing yields among  comparable bonds with  different maturities. Example For example, the Enron bonds fell when Enron declared themselves bankrupt. The restructured Enron Corporation fixed with their creditors, paying them around $0.14 per dollar. For bondholders this arrangement was of $140 for every $1000 face value of each bond. Call risk Many bonds include a call feature that allows the issuer to redeem or call all or part of the issue before the maturity date. The issuer usually retains this right in order to have flexibility to refinance the bond in the future if the market interest rate drops below the coupon rate. This implies three risks from the investor: (a) The cash flow pattern becomes uncertain, (b) The investor becomes exposed to reinvestment risk because the issuer will call the bond when interest rates drop. (c) The capital appreciation potential of a bond will be reduced, because the price of a callable bond may not rise much above the price at which the issuer will call the bond. Example: For example the managers analyze prospective supply and demand for new issues on spreads in individual sectors or issuers to determine the whether be over weighted or underweighted. Prepayment Risk: Prepayment risk is the amount of potential that exists for an investor who do not receive the projected return from the transaction. Risk of this type is associated with any type of lending situation where interest is assessed on the balance, or where investors purchase bonds in anticipation of recovering the face value plus some type of interest from the venture. Example: Mostly in callable bonds the investors pay a premium with high interest rate take on prepayment risk. Additionally to being highly correlated with decreasing interest rates, mortgage prepayments are highly correlated with increasing home values, as increasing home values provide incentive for borrowers to trade up in homes or use cash-out refinance, both leading to mortgage prepayments Reinvestment risk: When interest rates are declining, investors have to reinvest their interest income and any return of principal, whether scheduled or unscheduled, at lower prevailing rates. Three factors affect this risk: Maturity: the yield to maturity measure for long-term coupon bonds tells little about the potential yield that an investor may realize if the bond is held to maturity. Coupon rate: the higher the coupon rate, the larger the size of the cash flows to be reinvested, and the bigger the reinvestment risk. Therefore a zero-coupon bond has zero reinvestment risk if held to maturity, and a premium bond has bigger reinvestment risk than a discount bond. Call, prepayment options and amortizing securities: the reinvestment risk is even greater for these kinds of securities. A callable bond has higher reinvestment risk than a standard bond, because it is likely that the cash flows of the callable bond may be received faster due to the call feature. Example: For example, su ppose you had a nice, safe Aaa-rated corporate bond that paid you 4% a year. Then rates fall to $2%. Your bond gets called. Youll get back your principal, but you wont be able to find a new, comparable bond in which to invest that principal. If rates have fallen to 2%, youre not going to get 4% with a nice, safe new Aaa-rated bond. Credit risk: The risk of an unexpected, future decrease in credit quality that is a result of events such as a corporate acquisition or material changes in taxes, laws, or regulations. Example: Credit risk are predictable at some extend, when change the market condition, social, economic, political and operational requirements. Even taxation, heather change these are all the examples of credit risk. Liquidity risk: The risk of having difficulty in liquidating an investment position without taking a significant discount from current market value. Liquidity risk can be a significant problem with certain lightly traded securities such as unlisted options and municipal bonds that were part of small issues. Also called marketability risk. if the bond issuers credit rating falls or prevailing interest rates are much higher than the coupon rate, it may be hard for an investor who wants to sell before maturity to find a buyer. Bonds are generally more liquid during the initial period after issuance as that is when the largest volume of trading in that bond generally occurs. Currency and exchange-rate risk: Currencies-the Euro, the dollar, pound sterling, etc.move in relationship to one another. If you have investments in other currencies than your own, the risk is that the currency your bond is in will appreciate. When the bonds proceeds are converted back into your own currency, the proceeds will be worth less. Example: Suppose an investor in the United States purchases shares or bonds in a British company. There would be a huge risk that the value of the investment in dollars might be decrease or decline if the pound falls against the US dollar. Inflation risk: Inflation causes tomorrows Euro, pound sterling or dollar to be worth less than todays; in other words, it reduces the purchasing power of a bond investors future interest payments and principal, collectively known as cash flows. Inflation also leads to higher interest rates, which in turn leads to lower bond prices. Inflation-indexed bonds are structured to remove inflation risk. Example: Imagine, for example, that buy a Treasury bond that pays interest of 3.32%. Thats about as safe an investment as you can find. As long as hold the bond until maturity and the U.S. government doesnt collapse, nothing can go wrongÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.unless inflation climbs. If the rate of inflation rises to, say, 4 percent, your investment is not keeping up with inflation. In fact, youd be losing money because the value of the cash you invested in the bond is declining. Youll get your principal back when the bond matures, but it will be worth less. Volatility risk: Volatility risks are understood to be the amount of threat to a given investment, based on conditions currently taking place in the market. This would include some indication that the value of an underlying security is about to enter into a period of fluctuation that will seriously impact performance of the investment. When deciding whether or not to buy a given option, an investor will normally wish to be made aware of the amount of volatility risk currently associated with the investment. Example: Contrarily, bond market volatility is harmful to convertible hedgers. Rapidly decreasing interest rates in 1992-1993 encouraged many companies to call their convertibles sooner than usual, in resultant premature loss of conversion premiums and accrued interest added to hedging difficulties. A static market teamed with a volatile bond market in 1994 caused created the worst possible scenario for convertible bond hedging strategies. The decrease in relative values between convertible and hedging underlying inventory meant extra losses. Fortunately, hedgers surviving in year 1994 have enjoyed several favourable years. Event risk: The risk that a bonds issuer undertakes a leveraged buyout, debt restructuring, merger or recapitalisation that increases its debt load, causing its bonds values to fall, or interferes with its ability to make timely payments of interest and principal. Event risk can also occur due to natural or industrial accidents or regulatory change. Sovereign risk: The risk that the government issuing the bond will act in ways that negatively affect the value of the bond. Example International bonds have varying degree of risk. Fortunately the some rating agencies that evaluate U.S companies provide ratings for bonds issued by foreign corporations and sovereign nations, which certainly alleviates much of the guess work related to credit quality Q 02: Put Option An option content that gives the holder the right to sell a certain quantity of security to writer of the option, at a specified price up to a specified date. A put option is usually called PUT; it is a financial content between two parties, the writer (seller) and the buyer of the option. Call option An option contract that gives the holder the right to buy a certain quality which is usually 100 shares of underlying security from the writer of the option, at specified price up to a specific date called call option. Bond Market is also known as debt, credit and fixed income market, and is market where participants buy and sell debt securities which are in shape of bond. Markets consists of corporate, Government and agency, Municipal, Mortgage backed and Funding. Bond Investor and Bond Issuer Bond Yield In bond yield the coupon interest rate is fixed, the bonds yields varies from day to day depending on current market conditions. Moreover the yield can be calculated in three different ways and different yields are described are as follows. YIELD TO MATURITY (YTM) It is being described as, if you are interested in buying a bond at a market price that is different from the bond per value. There are three numbers commonly used to measure the annual rate of return you are getting your investment: Coupon rate: Annual payout as a percentage of the bound par value Current yield: Annual payout as a percentage of the current market price you will actually pay YTM: Composted rate of return off all payout, coupon and capital gain. YTM is the best of the measure of the return rate. Whatever r is, if you use to calculate the present value of all payouts and then add up these present values, the sum will equal your initial investment. In an equation, c(1 + r)-1  + c(1 + r)-2  + . . . + c(1 + r)-Y  + B(1 + r)-Y  = P c = annual coupon payment (in dollars, not a percent) Y = number of years to maturity B = par value P = purchase price Suppose your bond is selling for  £950, and has coupon rate of 7%; is matures in 4 years and the par value is  £1000. What is theYTM? The coupon payment is  £70 thats 7% of  £1000, so the the equation will be, 70(1 + r)-1  + 70(1 + r)-2  + . . . + 70(1 + r)-Y  + 1000(1 + r)-Y  = 950 Find that r=8.53% Current yield is  £70/ £950=7.737% Bond Selling: Discount Coupon Rate Current Yield YTM Premium Coupon Rate Current Yield YTM Par Value Coupon Rate = Current Yield = YTM YIELD TO PUT (YTP) The yield to put provision allows the bondholder to sell back the bonds to the issuer at a put price. The put provision is advantageous to a bondholder and not the issuer. A put is likely when prevailing interest rates are significantly higher than the coupon rate attachment to the bond. The yield to put is the rate of return if a bond is put to the issuer. For Example a bond matures after 10 years and pays a 6 percent semiannual coupon rate and is selling for $870. The yield to maturity is 7.90% and the first put price is $975 in 3 years. The yield to put is calculated using a financial calculator. The yield to put is 10.42%, which is greater than the yield to maturity (7.90%). Therefore, it is very likely that the investor would put this bond back to the issuer because yield to put is extremely greater than yield to maturity. It takes a greater return to erase the discount sooner which is why a bond selling at a discount sooner which is why a bond selling at a discount can be a positive to the bondholder. In other hand if, bond were selling at a $1095 (premium), the yield to maturity is 4.78%. YIELD TO CALL (YTC) The rate of return earned on a bond if it is called before its maturity date. If you bought a bond that was callable and the company called it, you would not have the option of holding it until it matured. Therefore, yield to maturity would not be earned. Q # 03 Hard peg : National currency (usually that of an industrial power). One country, in other words, pegs the value of its currency to the value of another currency. This is commonly done by countries with a history of monetary instability is used as a means of restoring and maintaining order. The U.S. dollar is frequently used for a hard peg by other smaller nations. Soft Peg: A currency that fluctuates in value frequently. Soft currencies are generally issued by governments that are less stable and/or have weaker economies than stronger currencies. As such, most soft currencies come from countries in the developing world. Central banks rarely hold reserves of foreign soft currencies as they do little or nothing to stabilize the local currency. A soft currency is also called a weak currency. b);An analysis of the difference between pegs and a fixed exchange rate regime. What Is an Exchange Rate? An exchange rate is the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. In other words, it is the value of another countrys currency compared to that of your own. for example, the exchange rate for  U.S. dollars  1:5.5 Egyptian pounds, this means that for every U.S. dollar, you can buy five and a half Egyptian pounds. Fixed Exchange Rates A fixed, or pegged, rate is a rate the government sets and maintains as the official exc hange rate. A set price will be determined against a major world currency (usually the U.S. dollar, but also other major currencies such as the euro, the yen or a basket of currencies). In order to maintain the local exchange rate, the central bank buys and sells its own currency on the foreign exchange market in return for the currency to which it is pegged. For example, it is determined that the value of a single unit of local currency is equal to US$3, the central bank will have to ensure that it can supply the market with those dollars. In order to maintain the rate, the central bank must keep a high level of Conclusion Although the peg has worked in creating global trade and monetary stability, it was used only at a time when all the major economies were a part of it. And while a floating regime is not without its flaws, it has proved to be a more efficient means of determining the long-term value of a currency and creating equilibrium in the international market. c); Dollarization: Dollarization occurs when the inhabitants of a country use foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. The term is not only applied to usage of the United States dollar, but generally to the use of any foreign currency as the national currency. The major advantage of dollarization is promoting fiscal discipline and thus greater financial stability and lower inflation. Semi-Dollarization: A country will use both its own currency and the U.S. dollar interchangeably as legal tender. Lebanon and Cambodia are good examples of this. Unofficial Dollarization: For many countries in the developing world, the dollar will be widely used and accepted in private transactions, but it is not classified as legal tender by the countrys government A currency Board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the e xchange rate target. Fixed Exchange Rate Regime: Fixed exchange rate regime under which the government or central bank ties the official exchange rate to another countrys currency (or the price of gold).The purpose of a fixed exchange rate system is to maintain a countrys currency value within a very narrow band.Also known as pegged exchange rate. Performance of dollarized countries. The economic performance of unofficially and semiofficially dollarized countries has been highly variable, but generally unimpressive. The reason of use the dollarization: increases market access and integration The US often financially supports nations that dollarize. Dollarization works best for small, interdependent nations helps encourage foreign investment Low quality and hampered economic growth which cause high inflation and many other problems. Regional Disaggregation These countries come in this catagary: Canada Central America and the Caribbean Mexico Brazil Argentina The rest of Mercosur: Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay The Andean group: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. d) Brokers are professionals who play an important role in mediating between a lender and a borrower. Brokers collect personal information about the client for the lender. There are many different types of brokers. Below are the more sought-after brokers: Mortgage broker: mortgage brokers guide customers through the process of selecting a suitable mortgage package with competitive package offers. They also offer financial advice on mortgage and property. Real estate broker: real estate brokers finds buyers for those wanting to sell real estate and finds sellers for those wanting to buy real estate. Forex broker: forex brokers are firms or individuals, who assist individuals or firms to trade in the foreign exchange market Stockbroker: a stockbroker is a person or company who buys and sells stocks on behalf of another person or company, and tries to match up buyers and sellers. Insurance broker: insurance brokers source contracts of insurance on behalf of their customers . An investor looking for an investment avenue will benefit greatly from using a broker, as brokers tend to be more up-to-date with trends and happenings in the market. Also as per law the broker has a fiduciary duty to advise the customer in the customers best interest. Q#04 A)How financial globalization is effected by: Deregulation: Deregulation is when the government seeks to allow more competition in an industry that allows near-monopolies. For example, in the 1990s, the electric utility industry began to be deregulated to allow competition. In some cases this in fact occurred successfully. However, fraud occurred as well. On the other hand, the telecommunications and airlines industries were more successfully deregulated. This allowed more competition, and eventually lower prices for these services. However, many companies that could no longer compete went out of business, which had a negative effect on the economy. Capital mobility: Perfect Capital Mobility means that an enormours quantity of funds will be transferred from one currency to another whenever the rate of return on assets in one country is higher than in another. Capital mobility is effected by political power of banks. The bad news is that big banks retain significant political power. The good news is that the intellectual climate has shifted decisively against them. The Introduction of common currencies: For the first time since the fall of the Roman Empire most of Europe has a single, common currency. The US dollar faces the first challenge to its hegemony since it displaced the British pound sterling as the worlds most important currency after the First World War. However, if the Euro is to assume a wider role it will have to flourish in its own continent and survive challenges to the stability of European economies first. The Formation Of Economic Communication and Trading blocks: The concept of trade blocks is crucial in the context of international trade. Trade blocks are free trade zones designed to encourage trade activities across nations. The formation of trade blocks involves a number of agreements on tariff, trade and tax. The activities of trade blocks have huge importance in the economic and political scenarios of the contemporary world. Over the years trading blocks have played a major role in regulating the trend and pattern of international trade. b)How the internet ,and technological advances in computing power and communication affects: Three important issues that are relevant to global banking: how market developments have shaped bank behaviour over time and elicited appropriate responses from financial sector supervisors; how market contestability is important for improving market efficiency in the changing environment; and how some degree of harmonization of standards internationally is necessary to facilitate effective market discipline. Market forces and the rationale of Basel II . Because global market forces are increasingly shaping the structures of national banking systems, supervision needs to be conducted in ways that harness market discipline. The importance of market contestability . Technological developments and international agreements on financial services are making financial markets ever more contestable. Effective market discipline depends on the harmonisation of standards . Global integration is crea ting a need for some degree of harmonisation in this area. Products and Services: Banknotes Bank drafts Bank checques Overdraft Letter of credit Safe deposit boxes ATM Mail Telephonic banking Online banking Mobile banking Video banking b) In the worlds financial markets, four major characteristics: Good and services Labor Capital Technology Modern Financial Markets: Elimination of tariffs and creation of free trade zones with small or no tariffs Reduce the transportation costs, especially resulting from the development of centralization Capital control Technologies that have as their primary characteristic the transfer of information, including more traditional media technologies, such as film, satellite television, and telecommunications. As societies and economies re-orient themselves around technologies, there are inevitable consequences For the domestic and global financial system reform take some characteristics: Trade balance Balance of payments External debts Foreign and foreign investment Currency and foreign exchange control The use of domestic and global financial resources for development purposes is becoming more and more important as access to foreign resources becomes increasingly difficult. In doing that the following are seen to be essential: 1. The deepen financial markets in the context of alternative institutional arrangements; 2. Measures to strengthen market-supporting financial infrastructure; 3. A new regulatory and incentive framework to advance market integration; 4. To improve the financial technology of both informal and formal finance to widen the scope of their operations. 5. Measures to develop linkages among segments. How regulatory reforms may be seen as: .Financial services have also been reshaped by technological and structural changes, including ; Globalization The globalization of financial services has increased financial integration, increased mergers and acquisitions within and across borders, and lowered barriers between markets. Increased financial integration Reductions in trade barriers and transportation costs and advances in communications technology have accelerated international economic integration. Lower barriers between markets Consolidation is also being driven by the dismantling of regulatory barriers separating banking, insurance, and securities activities.Boundaries between different financial intermediaries are being blurred, and universal (or integrated) banking is becoming the norm. Important element of financial services: Technology is the way in which financial services are produced and delivered. In addition, technology is fundamentally change the industrial structure . Technological advances Internet and wireless communication technologies are having a profound effect on financial services. These technologies are more than just new distribution channels they are a completely different way of providing financial services. Changes in industry structure These technological advances are changing the face of the financial services industry . New types of service providers are entering the market within and across countries, including online banks and brokerages, and so-called aggregators (which allow consumers to compare financial services such as mortgage loans and insurance policies; Changes in trading systems New electronic systems have lowered the transaction costs of trading and allow for better price determination because electronic execution and matching techniques imply less chance of market. B~)The following forces to change the financial markets: Political: Government type and stability. Freedom of press, rule of law and levels of bureaucracy and corruption. Regulation and de-regulation trends. Social and employment legislation. Tax policy, and trade and tariff controls. Environmental and consumer-protection legislation. . Economic: Current and project economic growth, inflation and interest rates. Unemployment and labor supply. Levels of disposable income and income distribution. Impact of globalization. Likely impact of technological or other change on the economy. Likely changes in the economic environment. Socio-Cultural: Population growth rate and age profile. Population health, education and social mobility. Population employment patterns, job market freedom and attitudes to work. Press attitudes, public opinion. Lifestyle choices and attitudes. Socio-cultural changes. Technological Environment: Impact of emerging technologies. Impact of Internet, reduction in communications costs and increased remote working. Research and development activity. Impact of technology transfer.

The Armenian Genocide - 2102 Words

Armenian Genocide Andy Leeds Ms. Bullis English 1 April 24 Armenians are a Christian nation, and when they were a country, they were the first to proclaim Christianity as the state religion. The Ottoman Empire took control of Armenia during the 15th century, and they were mistreated for quite a while due to religious differences (Christians vs. Muslims), and this mistreatment culminated and peaked during 1915-1918. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire took the opportunity among a world of chaos to exterminate its Christian population, after years of hate propaganda sponsored by the government, they struck, and the Ottoman Empire’s successor denies it to this day. The Ottoman Empire divided its people decades before the genocide; the†¦show more content†¦Simultaneously, the Ottomans managed to eliminate the more dangerous Armenians, as the ones that are truly violent and hateful were massacred in these miniature killings. â€Å"commisioned write articles for publication in the Sura- yi Ummet, demonstrating that Br itain was no longer pursuing friendly policies as she had done in the past, in particular, in the 1830’s and 1840’s. On the contrary, she was now inciting the Armenian, the Macedonians revolutionaries, and even the Arabs against Turkish rule† (Unal) To the Ottomans, Britain meant Christianity, so to hear that Britain didn’t want to be allies anymore meant that Christians didn’t want to be with the Ottomans either. That the Ottomans would connect the Easter Orthodox church of the Armenians with the Protestant Church of England, two very different sects of Christianity, is bizarre. This connection ultimately hurt the Armenians. â€Å"The CUP was always at pains to disguise its Turkish nationalist an, by implication, anti-Christian leanings particularly in its Ottoman-Turkish publications.† (Morganthau) By hiding the fact that they are anti-Christian, the subliminal messages attacking the subconscious are much more effective than a conscious mes sage. The CUP was a very effective propaganda making machine, and very effectively caused Ottoman to be polarized into two groups, MuslimShow MoreRelatedThe Genocide Of The Armenian Genocide873 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerous people â€Å"give† without the expectation of â€Å"taking† back, the world automatically offers them the better. There was poverty in all the villages of Armenia. Armenian Christians were continuously under attacks. The attacks against Christian Armenians occurred throughout the year 1915. This is the age that is well known for the Armenian Genocide, which was carried out by the Ottoman Turks. 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Life between the Turks (Armenia’s rival) and the Armenians was very complex. Not all Armenians hated the Turks, and not all Turks hated the Armenians. Consequently, the Armenian people were not aware of any forms of annihilation that were being plotted at the time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What exactly is the definition of a Genocide According to the World Book Dictionary, genocide means:Read MoreThe Evil of Armenian Genocide Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesyears ago the horrific Genocide of the Armenians took place. Turkey has shown a classic example of the evil that can result by human beings. Millions of Armenians were slaughtered and murdered in front of their family members. The destruction that constantly plays out throughout the world is cuased by human beings. Hsun Tzu would have also agreed that the young Turks were in face by nature extremely evil. April 24th is the day of grief for many Armenians. 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Difference Between Your Mother and Your Grandmother Free Essays

Difference between Your Mother and Grandmother ‘Grandma’, a word which fills you with emotion as soon as you hear it. She is a person who would go over the top to fight for you. Be it her own son, or even her soulmate, she would fight with anybody to defend you. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Your Mother and Your Grandmother or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even if you’re wrong, even if you hurt her, she would be good to you no matter what. Your mom, for once, might hit you, scold you, but your grandma would never do that. Mothers have the household to look after, but you; believe me, you mean the world to your grandma. She, being elder to your mom, has several stories to share with you, her own life experiences as well, though some turn out to be boring, I bet you’d enjoy most of them. She’d even make false promises, like if you’d make a mistake, she’d stand by your side, saying, â€Å"Oh, he’s just a kid. Forgive him this time, he’ll never do it again,† to the person who’s scolding you. She’d blame herself for your mistakes, saving you from the trouble, and being in soup herself. But despite all this, grandmothers are believed to spoil children. Parents often shout at them for giving so much of ‘unconditional’ love and all they do is listen, without a word. Now, I’d like to share my personal experience. My grandma was a talented and well-educated lady. We’d often sit and gossip about stuff, and play cards with each other. I also enjoyed her company. She, till class VII, was my teacher as well. All I am today is because of her. Everybody asked me to take tuitions at home, but I refused every time because she was more of a friend to me, than a teacher. Being the oldest woman in the family, she was in charge of all the money matters of the house. She used to keep some change in her purse, which always ended up in my pocket. Though dad often asked her not to give me so much of money, she used to agree, but I somehow managed to butter her up and get the notes and she also could not say ‘no’ to me, and was ready to give me whatever I wanted, as and when demanded. I cannot recollect a single occasion when she did not pay me. But due to her old age, her health was deteriorating for some time now. She was undergoing depression for the past seven-eight months and finally, she left for heaven earlier this year. In the end, I’d like to tell my fellow classmates who still have their grandparents with them that guys, you’re lucky to have such great people in your life. Respect them, and spend time with them. I wish I had practiced what I’m preaching because when on the bed, she used to call me, but all I did was giving a silly reason continuing to enjoy my own life and I still regret it. I wish I could thank her for all she did for me, but life is not always the way you want it to be. How to cite Difference Between Your Mother and Your Grandmother, Papers

Exponential Functions of Decaying Dice †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Exponential Functions of Decaying Dice. Answer: Introduction: The decay of the radioactive nuclear is slow hence the rate of the decay can be determined at some particular time. This is a result of the rate of the decay that is constant. Decay is a statistical process, this implies that there can be statistical analysis in determination of the rate of decay. Alternatively, the statistical method can also be used to determine the number of times a given die can roll. Therefore, an experiment is done to determine decay analogy of the radioactive nuclei. A die is thrown spontaneously where the sides showing specific numbers are regarded as decayed for example, a specific number such as five. The dice then are to be removed and counting is done to the remaining dice. Recording and representation of the remaining die are done within a range of time. The remaining dice are thrown and the recounting is also done. This process is done on and on until such a time when the number of dice that do not decay is reduced. A constant is used to represent the d ecay of the radioactive nuclei.in this experimentation, there is the assumption that dice have a single change in showing the specific number hence this gives an equivalent of real decay of a radioactive decay, thus this constant is given as 1/6. with an assumption that one was to throw a dice at intervals of one hour and make counts on the same.by throwing 500 dice simultaneously at the end of every hour is the easiest way of starting the test[1]. This implies that at the end of one-hour one-sixth of this dice will be removed and with perfect statistics then the remaining dice will be 416.66667. Generally, remaining number after that throw will be shown as; N1 = 500(1 1/6). When a throw is done for the second time we have; N2 = 500(1 1/6) (1 1/6) = 500(11/6)2 General whilst when n number of mass is given as; Nn = 500(1 1/6) n. This is an indication that decay is a progressive geometry. The first twelve throws are the one that is used in the determination of the dice that do not decay. This method is indicated in the table below and a graph plotted as the number of the remaining die against the number of rolls as shown below. Mathematics of the decay of real radioactive nuclei. The time interval presentation by each mass and the actual time elapse denoted by t is to be linked in this case. For the real nuclei decay is exponentially shown as; Nt = N0et Where Nt number of dice that do not decay remaining at time t. By substituting the value of the constant of the decay with 1/6 h1 and No is equated to nuclei of about 500. Nt = 500 et/6. Then the counting is done at an interval of every one hour. This value is indicated in the table below. Alternatively, one can use 100 dice to do the test or the dice activity. For the first time, one needs to have a large number of the dice and also should have a cup that can be able to carry all the dice that you have for the operation. One should have the piece of paper for recording and some graph paper for showing some graphical results[2]. One should imagine having some supply of the radioactive isotopes with a sixth chance for decay for the time that follows. This is to be done for the next six minutes and a confirmation is done. It is done for the next 20 minutes. This continued until the half of the dice is used for the approximation on how long it takes for the decay of the half of the sample. All the dice should be put in that cup and rolling to be done on the table. The separation of the dice should be done on the table and all that turned up to be separated these are regarded as the decayed particles. The counting should be done on the participles that decayed and remaining dice then is measured. Decayed particles then separated and then placed in a particular pipe for easy monitoring. This pipe should be good enough to carry the dice and easy to be supervised. Some dice are then placed in the cap. This steps should be repeated for some time and measuring of this should be done for the decaying particles. Separation is then done to the batches that turned up perceived to be decayed. This process is done for the next 2 minutes. The rolling should be done for the next 3 minutes and repeated until all the dice are over. Lastly graphing is then done for the decaying dice. This should be done with respect to the minute of the rolling.stent ratio, this decay can be employed in the real life to help in predicting the expectation for the impending losses or some case profits. It can as well be employed in real life to predict the market trends. The exponential decay can also be employed in real life to determine the depreciation rate of commodities like houses and vehicle. In some cases, the government employs the exponential decay to predict the reduction in population, poll prediction and downwards trend in the markets. Checking on the function of the exponential decay is done with the calculator for the graphs or a program with the similarity of such. The plotting was done and had a constant of about 0.1666 that is equivalent to the sixth. Implying that the plotting was done with e-(1/6) this function was the description of the graph, with a proper software the plotting of the data was done and the software enabled to fit an exponential. Sketching done with a proper graph drawn later as indicated below. Since the process of this inherent randomness is the easiest way of the determining the nature of the exponential. Checking on the function of the exponential decay, with calculators for the graphs or a program with the similarity of such[3]. The plotting was done and had a constant of about 0.1666 that is equivalent to the sixth. Implying that the plotting was done with e-(1/6) this function was the description of the graph, with a proper software the plotting of the data was done and the software enabled to fit an exponential. Sketching done with a proper graph drawn later as indicated below. Since the process of this inherent randomness is the easiest way of the determining the nature of the exponential Conclusion The modification can be done accurately using the throwing of the six-sided dice to determine the decay of the radioactive nuclei. Most of the research indicates that obtained half-life by dice is different with that of nuclei hence the decay has a constant of 1/6. This divergence is as a result of the continuous exponential decay modeling done by the discrete geometric progression. There is a decrease in the number of the sides brought about by the degree of the divergence affected by the number of the sides. By going with the judgments from the internet, some works have indicated that most people have come to this conclusion. Most of the works have been done by the few pence per die.A useful analogy of the radioactive decay can be provided by the simple experiment. Where the random nature of the process is highlighted, the decay rate is varied with the number of the throw as shown by the graph produced and finally creates the room for the generation of data by the students in a saf e and simple way The modification can be done accurately using the throwing of the six-sided dice to determine the decay of the radioactive nuclei. research indicates that obtained half-life by dice is different with that of nuclei hence the decay has a constant of 1/6.this divergence is as a result of the continuous exponential decay modeling done by the discrete geometric progression. There is the decrease in the number of the side brought about by the degree of the divergence affect by the number of the sides.by the judgments of the internet, some works have indicated that most people have come to this conclusion. Most of the works have been done by the few pence per die. A useful analogy of the radioactive decay can be provided by the simple experiment[4]. Where the random nature of the process is highlighted, the decay rate is that varies with the number of the throw is shown by the graph produced and finally creates the room for the generation of data by the students in the safe and simple way Reference Administration, F. A project on decaying dice (manchester: Skyhorse Publishing Inc 2012) 231 Barreveld, D. modeling of the dice (London: Lulu.com. 2015) 25 Bennett, S. decaying of dice (Carlisle: Cengage Learning 2011) 291 Bills, g. exponential functions of decaying dice (Leicester: Thomas Telford 2014) 302 Buzzell, P. radioactive isotopes (Leicester: Cengage Learning 2014) 202 Bryson, A. E. exponential of the disc (Stoke: Princeton University Press 2015) 209 Brownell, T. decaying dice (London: Motorbooks International 2014) 312 Samson, P. mathematical exploration of dice London (Hawaii: Motorbooks International 2012) 27 Tobila, W. mathematical decay of dice (Toronto: Motorbooks International 2012) 111 Zabulon, D Application of exponential decay (Hull: CRC 2013) 201

The South-African Socio-Economic and Political Context free essay sample

In this assignment the student will be analyzing the broader national context and the impact and challenges for social welfare services and social work in South Africa. This assignment will include an analysis of 5 media clips, State of Nation Address by the President, Mr Jacob G. Zuma and the Budget Speech by the Minister of Finance, Mr Pravin J. Gordhan. This is the individual’s analysis of the articles, which will further guide and add towards the group work assignment. 2. State of Nation Address (RSA, State of Nation Address, 2012) The State of Nation Address of South Africa 2012 was presented by President Jacob Zuma on the 8th of February 2012. President Jacob Zuma identified the progress made as well as ways to further improve various areas in South Africa that needs to be addressed. He identified areas such as health, energy, human settlement, education, and fight against crime, water provision and rural development. We will write a custom essay sample on The South-African Socio-Economic and Political Context or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2011 job creation was mainstreamed, cooperation between government was strengthened; only by working together the challenges in South Africa can be addressed. There has been progressed made, but poverty, unemployment and inequality is still a big challenge in South Africa. The national Cabinet identified that the economy of the country needs to grow in order to eliminate poverty, problems of unemployment and inequality. In 2012 there will be greatly focus on infrastructure development. This can help with the improvement of education, health, job creation, rural development and other areas of challenges in South Africa. 3. Budget Speech (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012) The National Budget Speech for South Africa 2012 was delivered by the Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan on the 22nd of February 2012. Pravin Gordhan (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012) stated that â€Å"We remain steadfast in addressing the challenges of creating jobs, reducing poverty, building infrastructure, and expanding our economy. † Social grants for people receive the most money, where over 16 million South Africans receive a grant. South Africa is a developmental state, but by increasing the amount of the grants and the people who receive the grants, it is not developmental at all. South Africa should look at other aspects and find ways to enhance people without being dependable on the social grants. Is giving over 16 million citizen’s social grant really alleviating poverty or is it worsening the problem of poverty in the country? Education and infrastructure receives a high amount of finances to address the current need in South Africa. There is money set out for different areas and to help address the challenges that South Africa faces. The finances are there to address the challenges, but the government should utilize these finances as effective as possible. Without these finances, services and problems can’t be addressed thus giving the government and other key participants in this country a responsibility towards South Africa and the challenges faced every day. 4. Article 1: â€Å"Study shows grants end up in right place† (2012) There has been a new study found that the social grant money is being given to the right people (Study shows grants end up in right place, 2012). The article further states that the money that is given to the women for the child support grant uses it for the house hold expenses, food and the children. The money given is very low, in the Budget Speech it states that the social grants will increase from R105 billion to R122 billion in the next 3 years (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012). The study concludes that the women who receive these grants are making key financial decisions in their households. Further on the article state that the women don’t just receive the grants, but participate in projects and the community to enhance their quality of life. Thus the women not only just receive money, but they do develop and grow in taking part and making use of their financial skills. In this way the grants are not only just given, but is forming part of social development. This study was conducted for three years in Soweto, thus only focussed on the area Doornkop. Meanings that this developing of people does not necessary go all over South-Africa. South Africa is a developmental country, even though grants are not developmental, there is an opportunity to enhance the people involved in the social system. This enhancement can be achieved by giving people responsibility and giving them the opportunity to develop new skills and knowledge. In order for them to improve their quality of life and growth happening for people to become independent and taking charge of their own lives. In this study Patel stated that giving poor women grants has given them the opportunity to have access to resources and enabling them to take control of their finances and to make decisions. The implication of the grants can be a starting point for women to have opportunity to rise above poverty, taking it one step at a time where resources and skills can enhance poverty alleviation. The challenges that lie within the social welfare and the services are to give and develop women in learning them skills that comes with the grants. 5. Article 2: â€Å"Jongmense sonder werk bedreig SA, se Nzimande†(Prince, 2012:10) Prince (2012:10) states in his article that the 3 million unemployed youth between the ages of 18 and 24 years are threatening the stability of South Africa. Dr. Blade Nzimande stated that the government will expand on education and educational colleges and that the VOO-colleges will play a leading role. President Jacob Zuma further stated that the government will give R 2,5 billion in the next three years to expand and improve colleges. He further stated that it will form part of the infrastructure project, also stated in the State of Nations Address. There will be more schools, universities and hospitals build. Dr. Nzimande said that there is a negative impression of colleges and that is because of the lack of finances, infrastructure and relevant courses. The implications of the youth finishing their studies and gain more skills can benefit South Africa in different work sectors and there will be skilled people to be able to do certain work. If implemented as stated the challenge will be to create the opportunity for the youth to enter the work sector. Without the availability of jobs, it is difficult to address the high unemployment rate currently. The youth needs to be challenged and motivated by social workers and social welfare, to further their education and to complete their studies, for them to have the opportunity to enter different work sectors. â€Å"Politiek kaap gedeelde optog oor swak skool†(Jansen amp; Claasen, 2012:20) In the Budget Speech (2012) Pravin Gordhan stated that education receives a large share of the government spending. The money is allocated towards infrastructure of schools, to student bursaries and to expand further education, training colleges and skill development. Jansen amp; Claasen (2012:20) wrote about an incident that occurred in Grabouw: There was n protest against an overpopulated school, where the black and brown residents of this area turned on each other and got violent. The school had many damages. One of the residents also stated that the protest was for the bad conditions of the classrooms; where money was suppose to be given to the school in 2004 by the government. Political parties also had words for each other, where the DA states that the ANC uses a team to cause havoc in the area in order to gain more votes. There should be a clear focus on education and the importance there of. Instead of enhancing and trying to improve or make the government aware of the problem, the residents took charge and caused more damage to the school than good. The problem is the overpopulated school and the bad class rooms. Not only did government promise the school money, and indicated that they are giving money for infrastructure for schools in South Africa, but the challenge is to address this need. The challenge for social workers is to stand up and make their voice loud in the government on the injustice happening because of neglect. The implication of government not addressing this need can be of a disadvantage to the communities. Social workers should challenge the Government on how to improve and address all the schools that needs assistance. Education is important, and with education comes job opportunities and better quality of life. People of South Africa need to respect the right of education and the importance there of, by supporting and enhancing the school system and not to make it worse for the children that has to attend school. The challenges that lies within the social welfare and social work services is to promote social justice and to make people aware of their rights but also to take responsibility for their actions and respect that for which they stand for. 7. Article 4: â€Å"Greatest human rights violation is poverty† (2012) Pregs Govender, deputy chairperson of the South African Human Rights Commission said that poverty in South Africa is the greatest human rights violation (Greatest human rights violation is poverty, 2012). She further stated that especially women don’t have access to sanitation in the rural area. The right to health is not accessible to all people as it should be. President Zuma stated in the State of Nation Address (2012) that the Constitution is the fundamental vision statement in which policies and actions are guided in South-Africa. He also stated that they will work on the improvement of sanitation, water, electricity and roads. The question to be asked is what are the actions being done to improve sanitation as well as are they fundamentals of the Constitution and whether human rights are a priority. The challenge is that poverty is evident in South Africa and people do not have the freedom to take for granted or access to their rights as humans. Social workers should make people aware of their rights and the responsibility of those rights. The challenge for the social welfare and the social workers is to work from a developmental approach, by giving people in poverty the skills and create opportunity for people to gain knowledge, so that they can gain a sustainable income. The article goes on where it talks about the infrastructure plan to respond to the basic needs of people that has been underdeveloped over the past years. Infrastructure is not only there to improve situations in South Africa but to connect the rural communities to economic opportunities through the building of dams and systems. The implications of infrastructure development can create employment as stated in the State of Nation Address (2012). The challenge however is to not only create opportunity for economical growth and employment but for social welfare services and social workers to provide sustainable projects and programmes, to assure better quality of life, skills development, and employment of people. 8. Article 5: â€Å"As dit nou nog nie werk nie, stel dit reg† (Nolutshungu, 2012:III) President Jacob Zuma identified the challenge of unemployment, poverty and inequality, despite the progress made in South Africa already. He further states that Africans, women and youth suffer the most under these challenges (RSA, State of Nation Address, 2012). Nolutshungu (2012:III) wrote that if South Africa wants to alleviate poverty and unemployment, they should get rid of the BEE system. The unemployment number is 37% at present, where he states that the government should take different action steps and look at the challenges ahead. He further says that the government should look at their economic policies and should be willing to bring about change to enhance the economical growth. The challenges are still to create equal opportunities for all citizens, regardless of their gender, race and culture. Equality is what we strive towards in South Africa and is part of the constitution, but is there really equality implemented among citizens? The reality is that Africans, women and the youth suffer most in the challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequality (RSA, State of Nation Address, 2012), but the implication is that there is not equal opportunity for them all. In addressing job creation, women are being neglected. South Africa promotes equality, but they do not execute it. The challenge for social welfare is to address equality and implement it in services they render and promote sustainable equality, for change to take place. 9. Conclusion In the analysis of the media clips, State of Nations Address and the Budget Speech, the student gained more insight in what is happening currently in South Africa and what is planned to address the needs and challenges the country faces. In preparation for the group assignment, the student will be able to bring her understanding, questions and insight she gained in doing the individual assignment to the group.

When To Make a Multiple Page Resume

When To Make a Multiple Page Resume We’ve all been told the cardinal rule of resume writing. Concision. Get as much information into as few words as possible, present everything cleanly and clearly and- no matter what- stuff it all into one easy-to-read page. That’s fantastic advice 99.9% of the time. For the most part, you don’t want to give too much away. Save some details for the interview, and make sure everything in the resume is screaming that you deserve one. You want to make sure you stand out from the crowd and make the cut.However, there are certain situations when a multiple page resume  might be called for. Here are some good general rules of thumb.One Page ResumeWhen you have fewer than 10 years in your field- whether you’re just starting out or are making a major career change and have yet to gather the requisite wealth of experience. Or if you’ve had multiple positions with the same company or employer.Two Page ResumeIf you’re pushing 10+ years experience in yo ur field, particularly in your particular sphere. Or if you are in a field requiring a good deal of technical, engineering, or other specific bits of knowledge and background qualifications which you need to list out in detail.Three Page ResumeIf you’re an academic or a scientist and you have numerous speaking engagements, publications, patents, professional service, courses, etc. to list. At this point, this is less a resume and more of a C.V. Also if you’re in a senior level or you’re an executive and you have a massive laundry list of leadership accolades to list.If you’re new to your field, or to the workforce in general, follow the well-established rules you’re told. But if you feel you’ve developed past the one-page point, try expanding your space and see how it pans out.

Businesses in Canada Essays - Economic Ideologies, Economic Systems

Businesses in Canada Technological changes today, and in the near future, will be the greatest influence on Business as we know it. With the development of computers and robots, the requirements for many industries will fill up extremely quickly. By having machines to perform complex and monotonous operations by humans, industries will seek out their aid and most likely affect the emplyoment rate both ways. There is no question that many individuals will lose their jobs but at the same time new options will arise. An example would be the development of the Telstat Telecommunications satellite which opened the door for many unemployed citizens who possessed the key ingredient to hold down such a job. This ingredient would be based upon Toffler's thesis that information is the most valuable aspect our lives and that wealth is insignificant compared to the rewards of knowledge. There is an abudance of positions available to Canadians that cannot be completed by computers (at least, for the time being) and therefore, our standard of living and quality of life will not be depleted. Technology will either be the blessing or curse for society in the future, and depending on the position of our government, will we be able to make sure that our standard of living does not decrease. The deficit poses a severe problem in a country littered will such vast natural resources and a high education level in its populace. The presence of inflation in the cost of goods will not profit private businesses if they are unable to compete with the demand from the public. With major corporations seeking to gain from an increase in expenditures, it would become vital for a private business to take advantage of the situation by lowering their prices to accomodate the flow of income. At the same token, it is important for private business to avoid depleting their assets in order to maintain a steady flow of provisions. Without maintaining a close look at the whole commerce situation in the country, it is doubtful that the private business will be able to cope in the vast competitive market. The political system in Canada will eventually decide the fate of business in the country. Since Canada is under the philosophy pertaining to Democratic Socialism, it seems unlikely that a significant change will occur in the next few decades. Our capitalisitic roots will help us stay competitive and the market will flourish. The current party in power (Tories) will aid the increasing competition if they can maintain their position, however this seems unlikely as the New Democratic Party are more concerned with the welfare of the people in general (therefore, more socialistic). I believe that Business in the Canadian environment is escalating at a rate that will eventually see our products of Technology forcing us out of an occupation. By the year 2000, with an ominous deficit and pestering recession still taking its toll, major companies and corporation will find themselves replacing the knowledge and education a person with the consistency and accuracy of a machine. This will cause the unemployment rate to soar, our welfare situation to worsen and our quality of live to regress. I believe that unless our government can 'Grab the bull by the horns' and solidify our political and economic situation, this country will fall into a scenario that will see our valuable socialism crumble beneath our feet.

External Forces, Brand Strategy and Strategic Position Essay

External Forces, Brand Strategy and Strategic Position - Essay Example In present business environment, the competition had been likened to the battle zone where business rivals throw every manner of jibes to outdo another. It is normally said that the person who arrives first in the battle zone awaits opponents with much ease, and the one who comes later into the battle zone is often weary. It is on this backdrop that the business operations of Scribe Group often enter the market that is dominated by the big boys and competes on the complacency of other companies to win their share of the market and build their brand. To go out for war metaphorically requires strategy, and strategy in simple connotative term implies tactics that have been inculcated to outdo the opponent. The firm faces a number of external challenges myriad with internal dynamics. In understanding the Scribe Group’s external forces, the Porters Five Forces Model provides a sufficient mechanism for the analysis. The model recognizes and evaluates five competitive forces that continually bombard and shape companies to allocate their industry’s level of competitiveness and hence understand the development of their strategies (Griffin, 2013). In the paragraphs that will ensue, this paper shall apply the Five-Forces Model for the Scribe Group. First, Barriers to Entry, which is high, the airline industry is synonymous with a high fixed cost required for business development. The Selling and administrative costs can be high within the industry, given the fact that Scribe Group enters into a market where there are already established names especially the advertising costs. The report shows that the combined pretax profit realized from rail and airlines in 2013 and 2014 are 90 and 112 respectively against a huge turnover in the same period of  £980 and  £1101 respectively. The huge difference in turnover and profit is the result of even a comparable larger selling and administrative costs.

Managed care contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managed care contracts - Essay Example Managed care is sometimes used as a general term for the activity of organizing doctors, hospitals, and other providers into groups in order to enhance the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care. Managed Care Organizations (MCO) include HMO, PPO, POS, EPO, PHO, IDS, AHP, IPA, etc. Usually when one speaks of a managed care organization, one is speaking of the entity that manages risk, contracts with providers, is paid by employers or patient groups, or handles claims processing. Managed care has effectively formed a "go-between", brokerage or 3rd party arrangement by existing as the gatekeeper between payers and providers and patients. The term managed care is often misunderstood, as it refers to numerous aspects of healthcare management, payment and organization. It is best to ask the speaker to clarify what he or she means when using the term "managed care". In the purest sense, all people working in healthcare and medical insurance can be thought of as "managing care." Any s ystem of health payment or delivery arrangements where the plan attempts to control or coordinate use of health services by its enrolled members in order to contain health expenditures, improve quality, or both. Arrangements often involve a defined delivery system of providers with some form of contractual arrangement with the plan. See Health Maintenance Organization, Independent Practice Association, Preferred Provider Organization (Pohley 2008). Systems and techniques used to control the use of health care services. Includes a review of medical necessity, incentives to use certain providers, and case management. The body of clinical, financial and organizational activities designed to ensure the provision of appropriate health care services in a cost-efficient manner. Managed care techniques are most often practiced by organizations and professionals that assume risk for a

Stand and Deliver Essay Example for Free

Stand and Deliver Essay In the movie Stand and Deliver, directed by Ramon Menendez, Mr. Escalante who starts teaching math at a poor high school meets several difficulties at the beginning of the movie. When Mr. Escalante is driving down the street on his way to Garfield High School, he begins to notice dirty walls that are full of graffiti, closed shops, gang members, and poor people. When Mr. Escalante arrives at the school, he notices that there is no order in the hallways. Such as students are late for classes, and they are disrespectful to teachers. Mr. Escalante is supposed to be a computer teacher at Garfield High School; however, he is told that this high school does not have any computers. As the result, he becomes a math teacher who is determined to â€Å"change the system and challenge the students to a higher level of achievement. † Mr. Escalante is at first not well liked by students, receiving an immense amount of laughs and tricks. The reason is that students in this high school focus more on entertainment rather than academics. All those tough situations do not defeat Mr. Escalante. He finds his way to solve them step by step. He does not react on the first day, letting the students talk back and throw paper at him. The next day he comes to class with a butcher’s knife and an apron on in order to get the class’s attention. He whacks a huge chunk of an apple out in front of the whole class, which immediately gets the students’ full attention and he begins.

The Indignity of the Church :: Essays Papers

The Indignity of the Church In the article â€Å"The Priest Scandal†, by Carol Cannon expresses her views in the American Journalism Review regarding the scandals within the Catholic Church. She continues to explain how the Catholic Church has been trying to keep the whole issue hidden from society. Carol Cannon makes a point how the media has struggled with pursuing this issue for many years, while America wasn’t ready to hear the truth on such a controversial topic. Carol Cannon is writing to many different groups. Catholics are probably going to be the most interested, but since this issue is so huge it affects many different audiences and ages. Cannon’s article on sexual child abuse by priests, is written through the use of logic, credibility and emotions. She displays a clear topic and supports with using reason along with values and beliefs. The claims that Cannon makes are logical because many priests have come forwards or been charged with child molestation. Cannon makes logical claims by issuing persuasive arguments on the issue that child molestation by priests has been covered up for years. She has been reporting on the issue of pedophilia by Church officials for more than 13 years. Cannon uses evidence to support her claim. She has a combination of evidence, some which of were interviews of children who were sexual molested by priests. Cannon, along with others has also been granted permission to explore archives where the priest’s cases have been taken to court. Cannon’s examples are convincing through her arguments. She also has credible sources of other journalists that wrote on the same topic as she did. Cannons argument appeal to everyday common sense because the issue has become such a big deal to Americans. The media has also played a large part in the growth of this topic. When reporters were told to pick another topic the news media didn’t listen and were heard. Since the issue of child molestation has been around for awhile, the public knows of the issue and has a stance on it. The structure of the article has much to do on the argument of the topic. The author starts out with her credibility and then a short narrative which is an attention getter.

Possible Outcomes of Overpopulation

Possible Overpopulation Solutions The human population growth of the last century is tremendous. It required only forty years after 1950 for the population to double from 2. 5 billion to 5 billion. The factors affecting global human population are very simple. Theyre fertility, mortality, initial population and time. India, China and USA are the top countries that are currently in crisis because of overpopulation. Many of our basic resources are strained such as, food; one out of every seven people alive, go to bed hungry. 5,000 people die of malnutrition and hunger-related diseases. In many regions children's asthma has risen dramatically because of the air quality (www. howmany. org). Since this is happening, a result might be that there wouldn't be enough food, water, or shelter and therefore these numbers will increase. Scientists say solutions to this situation would be to plan out how many kids you want and use birth control.Some scientists think that the Government should adop t the slogan â€Å"Patriotic citizens stop at two children† and adjust tax and other policies (wmwnbcnews. com). Coaching Questions 1 . It's really feasible to control how many children a person has. In order to maintain urrent population, 1 kid per person is required. 2. We obtain energy from natural resources, fossil fuels, and nonrenewable energy. We would need more energy. Sometimes burning resources such as coal causes pollution. 3.Disease that spread fast in crowded conditions is: food poisoning, typhoid fever, tetanus and polio. These diseases can be treated and prevented with proper methods. 4. 14,475 deaths per day; in India the let vultures eat the dead; it's not practical to use land because of the growing population. Yes, building houses. 5. We need to conserve land and soil because we need somewhere to build houses and farms. . When land becomes a desert, this would be a problem because nothing grows in the desert. 7.Some residents get theirs from wells, some fro m city water in the ground 8. No, you cant add or lose water. 9. We would need a bigger hospital and a lot more schools; we would Just need to expand almost everything to adjust properly. 10. Yes , people will fight for what they need. Immigration would increase; people would move to places with the most resources. 1 1 . There would be less demand for animals which would give us more land 12. China, India and the USA. Possible Outcomes of Overpopulation By kiara_shonte

Low Stakes Paper: The Shepherd’s Horn Essay

In â€Å"The Shepherd’s Horn†, persuasion plays an essential role throughout the entire story. Persuasion can be an extremely powerful tool and through telling this story, Hansen illustrates just how significant it can be. â€Å"The Shepherd’s Horn† tells the story of a young couple, Ragnhild and Guttorm, who are prevented from having a relationship by Ragnhild’s protective father, Thord. Together, Ragnhild and Guttorm have a child out of wedlock, therefore forcing the couple to hide their relationship as well as their child from Ranghild’s mother and father in fear of disapproval. However, with the help of Caroline, the story’s narrator, the couple is finally reconciled with her parents because Caroline’s abilities to persuade are no match for Thord. Caroline’s curiosity in the story is essential because without it, the story may not have had such a happy ending. His recognition of the sound from the mysterious horn in his dream is what ultimately leads him to learn about the story of Ragnhild and Guttorm and to his surprise, their child. Touched by their romantic story, Caroline was able to convince Ragnhild and Guttorm to have courage and tell her parents the truth about their relationship, as well as their child. This is where the first major instance of persuasion occurs in the story. Caroline’s influential approach was the first step in having the couple confess to Ragnhild’s mother and father the life that they had been hiding for many years. After he was able to convince them to lay â€Å"their fate in [his] hands†, they proceeded to find Thord. Ragnhild and Guttorm had been hiding this child for months, and their relationship for even longer, so the fact that Caroline was able to convince them with such ease to finally admit this story shows that Caroline is a very skillful persuader. However, rather than flat out telling Thord the truth, Caroline first went about telling him in a very clever manner. Caroline started by telling Thord a â€Å"tale† that paralleled the story of Ragnhild and Guttorm, easing the idea of the reality of the situation onto Thord. As he saw Thord grow more and more intrigued in the story, he skillfully explained at the end, how the story taught, â€Å"about your royal lineage†¦here lies the word of the Lord, which teaches that we are the same before God. It teaches humility and forgiveness, mercy and love†. His choice to compare his tale with that of Ragnhild and Guttorm’s was witty as he was first able to explain the moral of the story before Thord became too enraged to listen, which may not have been the case if he had only heard the story of Ragnhild and Guttorm. After Thord had heard everything that Caroline had to say about how, in fact, this story taught valuable life lessons about forgiveness, Caroline decided to proceed right into revealing Ragnhild and Guttorm’s child. At first, Thord and his wife were angry and upset. However, it was Caroline’s continuous efforts to persuade the couple combined with the respect that the couple had for him that eventually lead to their forgiveness. Much to all of their surprise, Thord was able to forgive Ragnhild and Guttorm and open to making peace with the situation. The story ended with Ragnhild and Guttorm happily married and the child was named after Caroline as a means of respect for what he had done for their family. After reading this story, I was able to see how prevalent the idea of persuasion was. It occurred throughout the entire story in instances that may have gone unnoticed, such as when Caroline convinced his driver to drive to the location after hearing the horn, as well as in very impactful places, when Caroline convinced Thord and his wife to forgive their daughter. Whether it was a climactic or part of the story or not, Caroline was very tactful in his methods, which ultimately lead to the happy ending of this story. While sometimes persuasion can be seen as manipulative, in â€Å"The Shepherd’s Horn†, it illustrates how the persuasion of even strangers can have such a positive impact. Caroline was able to use things such as diction, reasoning, and other persuasive strategies in order to achieve his goals of easing the reality of the situation on Ragnhild’s parents. Not only does persuasion take a lot of strategy, but it also requires courage. If it weren’t for Caroline’s persistence and persuasive methods, Ragnhild and Guttorm may not have had the courage to tell her parents and would ultimately live in hiding for the rest of their lives.

With reference to Sociobiology essays

With reference to Sociobiology essays A common thought that runs through the social sciences is that there is no such thing as human nature, but that if there is, it plays such a miniscule role in our daily lives that it can be all together forgotten about (Archer, 1996). Archer (1996) goes on to say that human behavior can be understood in terms of social roles and socialization, that is to say that our behavior is simply a reaction to our environment, social roles (for example mother, father, teacher) and our socialization or culture. However sociobiology and later evolutionary psychology came about in opposition to this theory. Sociobiology and took a more biological route claiming that behavior of both humans and animals are due to biological and evolutionary factors. It is mostly interested in the evolution of physical structures. (Archer, 1996). Evolutionary psychology differed from the genetic control orientated sociobiology by stating that behavior was due to current psychological mechanisms and our ability to respond. Evolutionary psychology is more interested in the evolution of behavior. (Archer, 1996). This essay will focus on sociobiology and evolutionary psychology and their principles regarding human nature and behavior. Before we explore sociobiology and evolutionary psychology we must clearly understand exactly what human nature is. There is no cut and dry definition, but rather nature can be understood in this context as human behavior and interaction and culture (Smille, 1985). The age old question that sociobiology and evolutionary psychology attempt to answer is are humans born with their nature or do humans make their nature? That is to say that humans are born pre-programmed with how to behave and so on, or are they active agents in forming, molding and changing their behavior day to day? Masters (1985) explains that sociobiology and part of evolutionary psychology (also known as the modern Darwinists) consists of five levels. T...

Whitney Museum of American Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Whitney Museum of American Art - Essay Example creasingly understood that the context of the museum setting and the principles upon which it is built must be known in order to understand the potential approach taken. This knowledge can be gained in a variety of ways such as multiple visits over a period of time through which a ‘feel’ for the museum and its philosophical approach might be developed. More practical means of discerning the particular approach a museum has adopted may include discovering the history of the museum, the distinguishing characteristics of it, the philosophies of the people who helped to build the museum to its present incarnation and an understanding of the people who govern, to some degree, the museum’s direction – the board of directors and donors. Therefore, before looking into the way the Whitney Museum of American Art treats its patrons through member benefits or the type of exhibitions they present, it is helpful to investigate some of these more practical conceptions of history, uniqueness, foundational principles and current influences. This museum was founded in 1931 based largely around the American art objects either previously collected by the museum’s founder Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney or purchased specifically for the museum by Mrs. Whitney. The original collection featured 700 paintings, sculptures and other art objects. Operating on a relatively tight budget, the museum quickly established a custom of purchasing works from living artists who were on the cusp of making themselves known in the general art world. These artists were often discovered through regularly scheduled exhibitions that showcased recent American art. Inspired pieces were often acquired through these exhibitions as well as future works by these grateful artists. Although these exhibits started as annual events, as soon as the museum could afford expansion, the events were scheduled biennially instead, a custom the museum continues to practice today. According to the museum’s

Management research assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management research assignment - Essay Example The main objective of this paper according to the writers is to analyze various dimensions of educational validity of business gaming simulation that would be possible through the proposed research methodology framework. Thus the beginning part of the paper, specifically the abstract and introduction clearly indicates the background of the study they conducted. Research methodology is described, which as mentioned above is unique for its approach. According to Stainton, Johnson & Borodzicz (2010 p. 705), as a research method, they have relied on the ‘total enterprise simulation’. They further make clear that unlike the past, an effective research methodology is essential to analyze the business gaming simulation because the assessment of validity is an ongoing process; and therefore, it has to be viewed from an educational perspective. Researchers make a detailed review of available literature to form rather an authentic conclusion. According to them, design, implementat ion, and validity are the two most significant aspects associated with this research framework. Furthermore, the facilitator plays a crucial role in assisting learners to determine what to view, reflect, and learn. As far as the design is concerned, the factors associated with it involve, designer’s ability and perception, the significance of maintaining the sensible aspects of simulation etc. For instance, exaggeration or generalization of the difficulties of the real facts may occur if the designers’ perceptions flaw. Hence, according to the researchers, design plays a very important role in determining the quality of business gaming simulation. They further attribute the success of the implementation phase to the ‘learning by doing’ strategy which is based on the real life examples and problem solving. According to the writers, by following this method, with the help of a facilitator who would give training and motivation students will learn how to assi milate experiences with the given problem and their acquired knowledge. Thus, the writers come up with a more reasonable strategy for the effective implementation of a simulation. In order for answering the absence of an appropriate strategy for validating simulation, the researchers propose their own methodology that spreads across every phase of its process including design, implementation, and validation. According to them, education validity should involve the ‘internal educational validity, external educational validity, and external representational validity’ (Stainton, Johnson, and Borodzicz, 2010, p. 710). In order to understand these variables one should go through their concept of each form of validity. As they describe, internal education validity refers to participants’ understanding of their business outcome; whereas, external educational validity indicates participants’ ability to assimilate the real life experience with the simulation. And t hirdly, representational validity is evident if the simulation alters the participants’ attitude. In other words, these theoretical explanations refer to three things; 1) convince the participants of their business environment and roles (internal educational validity), 2) makes them understand how to relate the real life environment and simulation (external educational validity), and 3) makes participants able cope up with the real environment (representational v

Answer HR Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer HR Question - Essay Example Form job seekers perspective, e-recruitment gave them the advantage of centralized job search and resume building services. Therefore, job seekers do not have to spend time looking for an opening in multiple newspapers. Number of options is available to employers for announcing their vacancies on internet. Most simple and cost effective approach is to maintain vacancy page on the employer website. Second, is to use specialist agency that has its operations on internet. These cyber agencies provide various advantages ranging from receiving resumes to short listing candidates. Third category is the jobsites linked to newspapers and journals. These websites republishes the advertisements, printed in careers section of newspapers. Similarly, there are jobsites operated by employment agencies. There are certain employment agents that have their presence on internet. Anyone who has access to internet, can access these channels (Taylor, 2002). It is up to the employers to select the medium he wants to advertise his vacancy. Some of these mentioned sources provide with extra services like online resume building, cover letters etc. Internet recruitment offers a number of advantages to recruiters. This method costs less than other methods of recruitment. It can save enormous time and efforts spent in recruitment process. Furthermore, internet can gather a large pool of applicants, as recruiting medium. However, it raises some issues for example, as the number of applicant increases, more be the chances of unqualified applicants sending their resumes. Similarly, some qualified candidates who do not have access to internet are not able to apply. Privacy is also an issue because you share your information on websites that can violate certain laws (Mathis, Jackson, 2007). Therefore, sometimes advantages of using internet for recruitment purpose turns into disadvantages. On one hand, e-recruitments save our money and

The Scream Essay Example for Free

The Scream Essay â€Å"I was walking along a path with two friends-the sun was setting-suddenly the sky turned blood red-I paused, feeling exhausted, and leaned on the fence-there was blood and tongues of fire above the blue-black fjord and the city-my friends walked on, and I stood there trembling with anxiety-and sensed an infinite scream passing through the nature† (Munch qtd. in Fineman). These were the words of the Norwegian painter Edvard Munch who, after a stroll along a road in Oslo, was inspired by his visionary experience and managed to come up with the world-renowned painting, â€Å"The Scream. † Munch’s work became one of the most recognizable art forms in history and was regarded as one of the most contemporary cultural icons. The art became much popular because of the parodies and copies that were reproduced and have appeared on various objects such as t-shirts, key-chains, mouse pads, coffee mugs, and even became a favorite subject for tattoos (Fineman). see more:essay pt3 english The scream is well known as a lithograph that was finished in 1895. However, before the final version came to its final touches, the scream was the result of a process of evolutions. Edvard Munch painted four versions of The Scream, all of which were done in 1893. The earliest trace of the art form was done out of a single drawing on a cardboard, and the final form was done as an oil painting (Taylor 176). The Scream was a part of Munch’s most important expressionist painting series, â€Å"The Frieze of life† which he produced during 1890’s. According to researchers, the â€Å"Frieze of life† series centers on the artist’s usual theme such as love, darkness, death, and anxiety. The latter was evident in his most famous painting which is The Scream (Porter and Prince 116-117). Aside from being the most popular painting of Edvard Munch, The Scream is also considered as the most famous painting of Norway. Yet, it is also said to be the most vulnerable among the many artworks in the world because The Scream has been the object of theft twice. The Scream Theft 1994 During the onset of the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, the National Art Museum in Oslo was robbed with its most important piece of art, The Scream. According to reports, two men climbed in a ladder and smashed one of the windows in the museum’s gallery and immediately stole the painting. The thieves used a wire cutter in order to remove the painting from the wall. Shortly after stealing the painting, the two men fled from the scene, leaving behind the cutters and the short ladder. The whole incident was caught by the museum’s security camera. During that time, Knut Berg, the director of the museum, pointed out that the exact value of the painting was impossible to be agreed upon, and it is also impossible to be sold (British Broadcasting Corporation [BBC]). Based from documents, the alarm of the museum went off at around 6:30 local time. This alerted the security guard who immediately called upon the authorities. Police officers started searching for a Mercedes vehicle which was thought as the getaway vehicle of the thieves. Speculations were made that the thieves were somehow connected to the Olympic events, and the theft was pulled by campaigners as a publicity stunt. Due to the incident, the art museum received criticisms for the lack of security. It was found that Munch’s masterpiece was originally placed in the first floor of the museum which was said to be more secured. However, The Scream was then placed at the museum’s ground floor for exhibition and as a highlight for the Norwegian Culture Festival, which was done as a part of the Winter Olympics (BBC). According to sources, a Norwegian anti-abortion group initially claimed that they were responsible for stealing the painting. However, authorities doubted their claim and continued the search for the missing masterpiece. In March 1994, the gallery received a ransom demand from the thieves. The perpetrators demanded for  £700,000 equivalent to $1,000,000 in exchange of The Scream. The board members of the gallery as well as the Norwegian government refused to pay because of the uncertainty of whether the demand was genuine or not. Two months after the gallery received the ransom demand and through the cooperation of Norwegian and British police, the painting was recovered unscathed. The painting was found in a hotel room located at a seaside town outside of Oslo. It was said that the area of recovery was the place where Edvard Munch created most of his masterpieces. By 1996, four men were arrested and convicted from stealing Edvard Munch’s most important version of â€Å"The Scream† (BBC). The Scream Theft 2004 In August 22, 2004, another version of The Scream was stolen at the Edvard Munch Museum. The armed and masked thieves barged in at the said museum in broad daylight. Eventually, the robbers ripped The Scream and another of Munch’s painting, â€Å"The Madonna,† from the gallery’s wall right in front of the stunned visitors and museum staffs. The robbers hurriedly loaded the art pieces into a vehicle. Hours after the incident, Oslo police recovered the get away car as well the paintings’ frames (Associated Press [AP]). According to reports, the museum was lightly guarded, and the police who immediately responded to the scene received tips from different people. The event led to a nationwide hunt for the missing artworks. Specific motives were unclear. However, experts claimed that the paintings must have been stolen for the thieves to demand ransom or to serve as a â€Å"trophy robbery† in order to impress other art thieves and criminals, yet no words were heard from the thieves (AP). Just like The Scream heist in 1994, The Scream version in Edvard Munch Museum has no set price. According to John Oeyaas, the managing director of Oslo Forsikring, the company which insured the paintings against damage, the work of Munch was not insured against burglary. Apart from this, Oeyaas noted that the artworks were irreplaceable and were impossible to be sold. Thus, insurance of an artwork is nothing because the loss of an irreplaceable piece cannot be compensated by anything (AP). In May 2006, three men were arrested and were found guilty of stealing the two paintings. A court in Norway pressed the verdict against the perpetrators. The thieves were identified as Peter Tharaldsen, who was the driver behind the heist, Bjoern Hoen, identified as the theft mastermind, and Stian Skjod, one of the gunmen who barged in the museum. Tharalsden and Hoen were both sentenced for nine years in prison while Skjold received five years of imprisonment. The other gunman died from drug overdose in that same year (â€Å"Scream Thieves†) Three months after the arrest of the thieves, the Olso police retrieved Munch’s two paintings. Both the items had minor marks and tears but were totally in good condition. By September of 2006, The Scream, alongside The Madonna, was once again exhibited and was later on restored in the museum with the protection of heavy glass boxes (BBC). It is evident that Edvard Munch’s the scream is one of the most important art pieces of today. Likewise, it serves as an inspiration for many artists and continuously pervades the popular culture (Porter and Prince 117). The Scream is one of the few artworks that truly expresses and discusses the meaning of anxiety in life. As such, this fragile piece of art has been so popular that after two times of becoming the object of theft, it was able to scream for escape and survived the ordeal to be seen by people who truly appreciate the depths of life. Works Cited Associated Press. â€Å"Munch’s famous ‘Scream,’ ‘Madonna’ stolen.† MSNBC. 23 August 2004. 08 October 2008 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5787000/#storyContinued. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). â€Å"1994: Art thieves snatch scream.† BBC News. 12 February 2008. 08 October 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/12/newsid_3591000/35919 94.stm. Fineman, Mia. â€Å"Existential Superstar: Another look at Edvard Munch’s The Scream.† Slate. 22 November 2005. 08 October 2008 http://www.slate.com/id/2130897/. Porter, Darwin and Danforth Prince. Frommer’s Norway. Norway: Frommer’s, 2007. Taylor, Mark. Tears. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1990. â€Å"The Scream Thieves Jailed.† Art News Blog. 24 April 2007. 08 October 2008 http://www.artnewsblog.com/2007/04/scream-thieves-jailed.htm.