Difference Between Your Mother and Your Grandmother Free Essays

Difference between Your Mother and Grandmother ‘Grandma’, a word which fills you with emotion as soon as you hear it. She is a person who would go over the top to fight for you. Be it her own son, or even her soulmate, she would fight with anybody to defend you. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Your Mother and Your Grandmother or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even if you’re wrong, even if you hurt her, she would be good to you no matter what. Your mom, for once, might hit you, scold you, but your grandma would never do that. Mothers have the household to look after, but you; believe me, you mean the world to your grandma. She, being elder to your mom, has several stories to share with you, her own life experiences as well, though some turn out to be boring, I bet you’d enjoy most of them. She’d even make false promises, like if you’d make a mistake, she’d stand by your side, saying, â€Å"Oh, he’s just a kid. Forgive him this time, he’ll never do it again,† to the person who’s scolding you. She’d blame herself for your mistakes, saving you from the trouble, and being in soup herself. But despite all this, grandmothers are believed to spoil children. Parents often shout at them for giving so much of ‘unconditional’ love and all they do is listen, without a word. Now, I’d like to share my personal experience. My grandma was a talented and well-educated lady. We’d often sit and gossip about stuff, and play cards with each other. I also enjoyed her company. She, till class VII, was my teacher as well. All I am today is because of her. Everybody asked me to take tuitions at home, but I refused every time because she was more of a friend to me, than a teacher. Being the oldest woman in the family, she was in charge of all the money matters of the house. She used to keep some change in her purse, which always ended up in my pocket. Though dad often asked her not to give me so much of money, she used to agree, but I somehow managed to butter her up and get the notes and she also could not say ‘no’ to me, and was ready to give me whatever I wanted, as and when demanded. I cannot recollect a single occasion when she did not pay me. But due to her old age, her health was deteriorating for some time now. She was undergoing depression for the past seven-eight months and finally, she left for heaven earlier this year. In the end, I’d like to tell my fellow classmates who still have their grandparents with them that guys, you’re lucky to have such great people in your life. Respect them, and spend time with them. I wish I had practiced what I’m preaching because when on the bed, she used to call me, but all I did was giving a silly reason continuing to enjoy my own life and I still regret it. I wish I could thank her for all she did for me, but life is not always the way you want it to be. How to cite Difference Between Your Mother and Your Grandmother, Papers

Exponential Functions of Decaying Dice †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Exponential Functions of Decaying Dice. Answer: Introduction: The decay of the radioactive nuclear is slow hence the rate of the decay can be determined at some particular time. This is a result of the rate of the decay that is constant. Decay is a statistical process, this implies that there can be statistical analysis in determination of the rate of decay. Alternatively, the statistical method can also be used to determine the number of times a given die can roll. Therefore, an experiment is done to determine decay analogy of the radioactive nuclei. A die is thrown spontaneously where the sides showing specific numbers are regarded as decayed for example, a specific number such as five. The dice then are to be removed and counting is done to the remaining dice. Recording and representation of the remaining die are done within a range of time. The remaining dice are thrown and the recounting is also done. This process is done on and on until such a time when the number of dice that do not decay is reduced. A constant is used to represent the d ecay of the radioactive nuclei.in this experimentation, there is the assumption that dice have a single change in showing the specific number hence this gives an equivalent of real decay of a radioactive decay, thus this constant is given as 1/6. with an assumption that one was to throw a dice at intervals of one hour and make counts on the same.by throwing 500 dice simultaneously at the end of every hour is the easiest way of starting the test[1]. This implies that at the end of one-hour one-sixth of this dice will be removed and with perfect statistics then the remaining dice will be 416.66667. Generally, remaining number after that throw will be shown as; N1 = 500(1 1/6). When a throw is done for the second time we have; N2 = 500(1 1/6) (1 1/6) = 500(11/6)2 General whilst when n number of mass is given as; Nn = 500(1 1/6) n. This is an indication that decay is a progressive geometry. The first twelve throws are the one that is used in the determination of the dice that do not decay. This method is indicated in the table below and a graph plotted as the number of the remaining die against the number of rolls as shown below. Mathematics of the decay of real radioactive nuclei. The time interval presentation by each mass and the actual time elapse denoted by t is to be linked in this case. For the real nuclei decay is exponentially shown as; Nt = N0et Where Nt number of dice that do not decay remaining at time t. By substituting the value of the constant of the decay with 1/6 h1 and No is equated to nuclei of about 500. Nt = 500 et/6. Then the counting is done at an interval of every one hour. This value is indicated in the table below. Alternatively, one can use 100 dice to do the test or the dice activity. For the first time, one needs to have a large number of the dice and also should have a cup that can be able to carry all the dice that you have for the operation. One should have the piece of paper for recording and some graph paper for showing some graphical results[2]. One should imagine having some supply of the radioactive isotopes with a sixth chance for decay for the time that follows. This is to be done for the next six minutes and a confirmation is done. It is done for the next 20 minutes. This continued until the half of the dice is used for the approximation on how long it takes for the decay of the half of the sample. All the dice should be put in that cup and rolling to be done on the table. The separation of the dice should be done on the table and all that turned up to be separated these are regarded as the decayed particles. The counting should be done on the participles that decayed and remaining dice then is measured. Decayed particles then separated and then placed in a particular pipe for easy monitoring. This pipe should be good enough to carry the dice and easy to be supervised. Some dice are then placed in the cap. This steps should be repeated for some time and measuring of this should be done for the decaying particles. Separation is then done to the batches that turned up perceived to be decayed. This process is done for the next 2 minutes. The rolling should be done for the next 3 minutes and repeated until all the dice are over. Lastly graphing is then done for the decaying dice. This should be done with respect to the minute of the rolling.stent ratio, this decay can be employed in the real life to help in predicting the expectation for the impending losses or some case profits. It can as well be employed in real life to predict the market trends. The exponential decay can also be employed in real life to determine the depreciation rate of commodities like houses and vehicle. In some cases, the government employs the exponential decay to predict the reduction in population, poll prediction and downwards trend in the markets. Checking on the function of the exponential decay is done with the calculator for the graphs or a program with the similarity of such. The plotting was done and had a constant of about 0.1666 that is equivalent to the sixth. Implying that the plotting was done with e-(1/6) this function was the description of the graph, with a proper software the plotting of the data was done and the software enabled to fit an exponential. Sketching done with a proper graph drawn later as indicated below. Since the process of this inherent randomness is the easiest way of the determining the nature of the exponential. Checking on the function of the exponential decay, with calculators for the graphs or a program with the similarity of such[3]. The plotting was done and had a constant of about 0.1666 that is equivalent to the sixth. Implying that the plotting was done with e-(1/6) this function was the description of the graph, with a proper software the plotting of the data was done and the software enabled to fit an exponential. Sketching done with a proper graph drawn later as indicated below. Since the process of this inherent randomness is the easiest way of the determining the nature of the exponential Conclusion The modification can be done accurately using the throwing of the six-sided dice to determine the decay of the radioactive nuclei. Most of the research indicates that obtained half-life by dice is different with that of nuclei hence the decay has a constant of 1/6. This divergence is as a result of the continuous exponential decay modeling done by the discrete geometric progression. There is a decrease in the number of the sides brought about by the degree of the divergence affected by the number of the sides. By going with the judgments from the internet, some works have indicated that most people have come to this conclusion. Most of the works have been done by the few pence per die.A useful analogy of the radioactive decay can be provided by the simple experiment. Where the random nature of the process is highlighted, the decay rate is varied with the number of the throw as shown by the graph produced and finally creates the room for the generation of data by the students in a saf e and simple way The modification can be done accurately using the throwing of the six-sided dice to determine the decay of the radioactive nuclei. research indicates that obtained half-life by dice is different with that of nuclei hence the decay has a constant of 1/6.this divergence is as a result of the continuous exponential decay modeling done by the discrete geometric progression. There is the decrease in the number of the side brought about by the degree of the divergence affect by the number of the sides.by the judgments of the internet, some works have indicated that most people have come to this conclusion. Most of the works have been done by the few pence per die. A useful analogy of the radioactive decay can be provided by the simple experiment[4]. Where the random nature of the process is highlighted, the decay rate is that varies with the number of the throw is shown by the graph produced and finally creates the room for the generation of data by the students in the safe and simple way Reference Administration, F. A project on decaying dice (manchester: Skyhorse Publishing Inc 2012) 231 Barreveld, D. modeling of the dice (London: Lulu.com. 2015) 25 Bennett, S. decaying of dice (Carlisle: Cengage Learning 2011) 291 Bills, g. exponential functions of decaying dice (Leicester: Thomas Telford 2014) 302 Buzzell, P. radioactive isotopes (Leicester: Cengage Learning 2014) 202 Bryson, A. E. exponential of the disc (Stoke: Princeton University Press 2015) 209 Brownell, T. decaying dice (London: Motorbooks International 2014) 312 Samson, P. mathematical exploration of dice London (Hawaii: Motorbooks International 2012) 27 Tobila, W. mathematical decay of dice (Toronto: Motorbooks International 2012) 111 Zabulon, D Application of exponential decay (Hull: CRC 2013) 201

The South-African Socio-Economic and Political Context free essay sample

In this assignment the student will be analyzing the broader national context and the impact and challenges for social welfare services and social work in South Africa. This assignment will include an analysis of 5 media clips, State of Nation Address by the President, Mr Jacob G. Zuma and the Budget Speech by the Minister of Finance, Mr Pravin J. Gordhan. This is the individual’s analysis of the articles, which will further guide and add towards the group work assignment. 2. State of Nation Address (RSA, State of Nation Address, 2012) The State of Nation Address of South Africa 2012 was presented by President Jacob Zuma on the 8th of February 2012. President Jacob Zuma identified the progress made as well as ways to further improve various areas in South Africa that needs to be addressed. He identified areas such as health, energy, human settlement, education, and fight against crime, water provision and rural development. We will write a custom essay sample on The South-African Socio-Economic and Political Context or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2011 job creation was mainstreamed, cooperation between government was strengthened; only by working together the challenges in South Africa can be addressed. There has been progressed made, but poverty, unemployment and inequality is still a big challenge in South Africa. The national Cabinet identified that the economy of the country needs to grow in order to eliminate poverty, problems of unemployment and inequality. In 2012 there will be greatly focus on infrastructure development. This can help with the improvement of education, health, job creation, rural development and other areas of challenges in South Africa. 3. Budget Speech (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012) The National Budget Speech for South Africa 2012 was delivered by the Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan on the 22nd of February 2012. Pravin Gordhan (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012) stated that â€Å"We remain steadfast in addressing the challenges of creating jobs, reducing poverty, building infrastructure, and expanding our economy. † Social grants for people receive the most money, where over 16 million South Africans receive a grant. South Africa is a developmental state, but by increasing the amount of the grants and the people who receive the grants, it is not developmental at all. South Africa should look at other aspects and find ways to enhance people without being dependable on the social grants. Is giving over 16 million citizen’s social grant really alleviating poverty or is it worsening the problem of poverty in the country? Education and infrastructure receives a high amount of finances to address the current need in South Africa. There is money set out for different areas and to help address the challenges that South Africa faces. The finances are there to address the challenges, but the government should utilize these finances as effective as possible. Without these finances, services and problems can’t be addressed thus giving the government and other key participants in this country a responsibility towards South Africa and the challenges faced every day. 4. Article 1: â€Å"Study shows grants end up in right place† (2012) There has been a new study found that the social grant money is being given to the right people (Study shows grants end up in right place, 2012). The article further states that the money that is given to the women for the child support grant uses it for the house hold expenses, food and the children. The money given is very low, in the Budget Speech it states that the social grants will increase from R105 billion to R122 billion in the next 3 years (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012). The study concludes that the women who receive these grants are making key financial decisions in their households. Further on the article state that the women don’t just receive the grants, but participate in projects and the community to enhance their quality of life. Thus the women not only just receive money, but they do develop and grow in taking part and making use of their financial skills. In this way the grants are not only just given, but is forming part of social development. This study was conducted for three years in Soweto, thus only focussed on the area Doornkop. Meanings that this developing of people does not necessary go all over South-Africa. South Africa is a developmental country, even though grants are not developmental, there is an opportunity to enhance the people involved in the social system. This enhancement can be achieved by giving people responsibility and giving them the opportunity to develop new skills and knowledge. In order for them to improve their quality of life and growth happening for people to become independent and taking charge of their own lives. In this study Patel stated that giving poor women grants has given them the opportunity to have access to resources and enabling them to take control of their finances and to make decisions. The implication of the grants can be a starting point for women to have opportunity to rise above poverty, taking it one step at a time where resources and skills can enhance poverty alleviation. The challenges that lie within the social welfare and the services are to give and develop women in learning them skills that comes with the grants. 5. Article 2: â€Å"Jongmense sonder werk bedreig SA, se Nzimande†(Prince, 2012:10) Prince (2012:10) states in his article that the 3 million unemployed youth between the ages of 18 and 24 years are threatening the stability of South Africa. Dr. Blade Nzimande stated that the government will expand on education and educational colleges and that the VOO-colleges will play a leading role. President Jacob Zuma further stated that the government will give R 2,5 billion in the next three years to expand and improve colleges. He further stated that it will form part of the infrastructure project, also stated in the State of Nations Address. There will be more schools, universities and hospitals build. Dr. Nzimande said that there is a negative impression of colleges and that is because of the lack of finances, infrastructure and relevant courses. The implications of the youth finishing their studies and gain more skills can benefit South Africa in different work sectors and there will be skilled people to be able to do certain work. If implemented as stated the challenge will be to create the opportunity for the youth to enter the work sector. Without the availability of jobs, it is difficult to address the high unemployment rate currently. The youth needs to be challenged and motivated by social workers and social welfare, to further their education and to complete their studies, for them to have the opportunity to enter different work sectors. â€Å"Politiek kaap gedeelde optog oor swak skool†(Jansen amp; Claasen, 2012:20) In the Budget Speech (2012) Pravin Gordhan stated that education receives a large share of the government spending. The money is allocated towards infrastructure of schools, to student bursaries and to expand further education, training colleges and skill development. Jansen amp; Claasen (2012:20) wrote about an incident that occurred in Grabouw: There was n protest against an overpopulated school, where the black and brown residents of this area turned on each other and got violent. The school had many damages. One of the residents also stated that the protest was for the bad conditions of the classrooms; where money was suppose to be given to the school in 2004 by the government. Political parties also had words for each other, where the DA states that the ANC uses a team to cause havoc in the area in order to gain more votes. There should be a clear focus on education and the importance there of. Instead of enhancing and trying to improve or make the government aware of the problem, the residents took charge and caused more damage to the school than good. The problem is the overpopulated school and the bad class rooms. Not only did government promise the school money, and indicated that they are giving money for infrastructure for schools in South Africa, but the challenge is to address this need. The challenge for social workers is to stand up and make their voice loud in the government on the injustice happening because of neglect. The implication of government not addressing this need can be of a disadvantage to the communities. Social workers should challenge the Government on how to improve and address all the schools that needs assistance. Education is important, and with education comes job opportunities and better quality of life. People of South Africa need to respect the right of education and the importance there of, by supporting and enhancing the school system and not to make it worse for the children that has to attend school. The challenges that lies within the social welfare and social work services is to promote social justice and to make people aware of their rights but also to take responsibility for their actions and respect that for which they stand for. 7. Article 4: â€Å"Greatest human rights violation is poverty† (2012) Pregs Govender, deputy chairperson of the South African Human Rights Commission said that poverty in South Africa is the greatest human rights violation (Greatest human rights violation is poverty, 2012). She further stated that especially women don’t have access to sanitation in the rural area. The right to health is not accessible to all people as it should be. President Zuma stated in the State of Nation Address (2012) that the Constitution is the fundamental vision statement in which policies and actions are guided in South-Africa. He also stated that they will work on the improvement of sanitation, water, electricity and roads. The question to be asked is what are the actions being done to improve sanitation as well as are they fundamentals of the Constitution and whether human rights are a priority. The challenge is that poverty is evident in South Africa and people do not have the freedom to take for granted or access to their rights as humans. Social workers should make people aware of their rights and the responsibility of those rights. The challenge for the social welfare and the social workers is to work from a developmental approach, by giving people in poverty the skills and create opportunity for people to gain knowledge, so that they can gain a sustainable income. The article goes on where it talks about the infrastructure plan to respond to the basic needs of people that has been underdeveloped over the past years. Infrastructure is not only there to improve situations in South Africa but to connect the rural communities to economic opportunities through the building of dams and systems. The implications of infrastructure development can create employment as stated in the State of Nation Address (2012). The challenge however is to not only create opportunity for economical growth and employment but for social welfare services and social workers to provide sustainable projects and programmes, to assure better quality of life, skills development, and employment of people. 8. Article 5: â€Å"As dit nou nog nie werk nie, stel dit reg† (Nolutshungu, 2012:III) President Jacob Zuma identified the challenge of unemployment, poverty and inequality, despite the progress made in South Africa already. He further states that Africans, women and youth suffer the most under these challenges (RSA, State of Nation Address, 2012). Nolutshungu (2012:III) wrote that if South Africa wants to alleviate poverty and unemployment, they should get rid of the BEE system. The unemployment number is 37% at present, where he states that the government should take different action steps and look at the challenges ahead. He further says that the government should look at their economic policies and should be willing to bring about change to enhance the economical growth. The challenges are still to create equal opportunities for all citizens, regardless of their gender, race and culture. Equality is what we strive towards in South Africa and is part of the constitution, but is there really equality implemented among citizens? The reality is that Africans, women and the youth suffer most in the challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequality (RSA, State of Nation Address, 2012), but the implication is that there is not equal opportunity for them all. In addressing job creation, women are being neglected. South Africa promotes equality, but they do not execute it. The challenge for social welfare is to address equality and implement it in services they render and promote sustainable equality, for change to take place. 9. Conclusion In the analysis of the media clips, State of Nations Address and the Budget Speech, the student gained more insight in what is happening currently in South Africa and what is planned to address the needs and challenges the country faces. In preparation for the group assignment, the student will be able to bring her understanding, questions and insight she gained in doing the individual assignment to the group.

When To Make a Multiple Page Resume

When To Make a Multiple Page Resume We’ve all been told the cardinal rule of resume writing. Concision. Get as much information into as few words as possible, present everything cleanly and clearly and- no matter what- stuff it all into one easy-to-read page. That’s fantastic advice 99.9% of the time. For the most part, you don’t want to give too much away. Save some details for the interview, and make sure everything in the resume is screaming that you deserve one. You want to make sure you stand out from the crowd and make the cut.However, there are certain situations when a multiple page resume  might be called for. Here are some good general rules of thumb.One Page ResumeWhen you have fewer than 10 years in your field- whether you’re just starting out or are making a major career change and have yet to gather the requisite wealth of experience. Or if you’ve had multiple positions with the same company or employer.Two Page ResumeIf you’re pushing 10+ years experience in yo ur field, particularly in your particular sphere. Or if you are in a field requiring a good deal of technical, engineering, or other specific bits of knowledge and background qualifications which you need to list out in detail.Three Page ResumeIf you’re an academic or a scientist and you have numerous speaking engagements, publications, patents, professional service, courses, etc. to list. At this point, this is less a resume and more of a C.V. Also if you’re in a senior level or you’re an executive and you have a massive laundry list of leadership accolades to list.If you’re new to your field, or to the workforce in general, follow the well-established rules you’re told. But if you feel you’ve developed past the one-page point, try expanding your space and see how it pans out.

Businesses in Canada Essays - Economic Ideologies, Economic Systems

Businesses in Canada Technological changes today, and in the near future, will be the greatest influence on Business as we know it. With the development of computers and robots, the requirements for many industries will fill up extremely quickly. By having machines to perform complex and monotonous operations by humans, industries will seek out their aid and most likely affect the emplyoment rate both ways. There is no question that many individuals will lose their jobs but at the same time new options will arise. An example would be the development of the Telstat Telecommunications satellite which opened the door for many unemployed citizens who possessed the key ingredient to hold down such a job. This ingredient would be based upon Toffler's thesis that information is the most valuable aspect our lives and that wealth is insignificant compared to the rewards of knowledge. There is an abudance of positions available to Canadians that cannot be completed by computers (at least, for the time being) and therefore, our standard of living and quality of life will not be depleted. Technology will either be the blessing or curse for society in the future, and depending on the position of our government, will we be able to make sure that our standard of living does not decrease. The deficit poses a severe problem in a country littered will such vast natural resources and a high education level in its populace. The presence of inflation in the cost of goods will not profit private businesses if they are unable to compete with the demand from the public. With major corporations seeking to gain from an increase in expenditures, it would become vital for a private business to take advantage of the situation by lowering their prices to accomodate the flow of income. At the same token, it is important for private business to avoid depleting their assets in order to maintain a steady flow of provisions. Without maintaining a close look at the whole commerce situation in the country, it is doubtful that the private business will be able to cope in the vast competitive market. The political system in Canada will eventually decide the fate of business in the country. Since Canada is under the philosophy pertaining to Democratic Socialism, it seems unlikely that a significant change will occur in the next few decades. Our capitalisitic roots will help us stay competitive and the market will flourish. The current party in power (Tories) will aid the increasing competition if they can maintain their position, however this seems unlikely as the New Democratic Party are more concerned with the welfare of the people in general (therefore, more socialistic). I believe that Business in the Canadian environment is escalating at a rate that will eventually see our products of Technology forcing us out of an occupation. By the year 2000, with an ominous deficit and pestering recession still taking its toll, major companies and corporation will find themselves replacing the knowledge and education a person with the consistency and accuracy of a machine. This will cause the unemployment rate to soar, our welfare situation to worsen and our quality of live to regress. I believe that unless our government can 'Grab the bull by the horns' and solidify our political and economic situation, this country will fall into a scenario that will see our valuable socialism crumble beneath our feet.

External Forces, Brand Strategy and Strategic Position Essay

External Forces, Brand Strategy and Strategic Position - Essay Example In present business environment, the competition had been likened to the battle zone where business rivals throw every manner of jibes to outdo another. It is normally said that the person who arrives first in the battle zone awaits opponents with much ease, and the one who comes later into the battle zone is often weary. It is on this backdrop that the business operations of Scribe Group often enter the market that is dominated by the big boys and competes on the complacency of other companies to win their share of the market and build their brand. To go out for war metaphorically requires strategy, and strategy in simple connotative term implies tactics that have been inculcated to outdo the opponent. The firm faces a number of external challenges myriad with internal dynamics. In understanding the Scribe Group’s external forces, the Porters Five Forces Model provides a sufficient mechanism for the analysis. The model recognizes and evaluates five competitive forces that continually bombard and shape companies to allocate their industry’s level of competitiveness and hence understand the development of their strategies (Griffin, 2013). In the paragraphs that will ensue, this paper shall apply the Five-Forces Model for the Scribe Group. First, Barriers to Entry, which is high, the airline industry is synonymous with a high fixed cost required for business development. The Selling and administrative costs can be high within the industry, given the fact that Scribe Group enters into a market where there are already established names especially the advertising costs. The report shows that the combined pretax profit realized from rail and airlines in 2013 and 2014 are 90 and 112 respectively against a huge turnover in the same period of  £980 and  £1101 respectively. The huge difference in turnover and profit is the result of even a comparable larger selling and administrative costs.

Managed care contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managed care contracts - Essay Example Managed care is sometimes used as a general term for the activity of organizing doctors, hospitals, and other providers into groups in order to enhance the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care. Managed Care Organizations (MCO) include HMO, PPO, POS, EPO, PHO, IDS, AHP, IPA, etc. Usually when one speaks of a managed care organization, one is speaking of the entity that manages risk, contracts with providers, is paid by employers or patient groups, or handles claims processing. Managed care has effectively formed a "go-between", brokerage or 3rd party arrangement by existing as the gatekeeper between payers and providers and patients. The term managed care is often misunderstood, as it refers to numerous aspects of healthcare management, payment and organization. It is best to ask the speaker to clarify what he or she means when using the term "managed care". In the purest sense, all people working in healthcare and medical insurance can be thought of as "managing care." Any s ystem of health payment or delivery arrangements where the plan attempts to control or coordinate use of health services by its enrolled members in order to contain health expenditures, improve quality, or both. Arrangements often involve a defined delivery system of providers with some form of contractual arrangement with the plan. See Health Maintenance Organization, Independent Practice Association, Preferred Provider Organization (Pohley 2008). Systems and techniques used to control the use of health care services. Includes a review of medical necessity, incentives to use certain providers, and case management. The body of clinical, financial and organizational activities designed to ensure the provision of appropriate health care services in a cost-efficient manner. Managed care techniques are most often practiced by organizations and professionals that assume risk for a