Migration Of People From Rural Essay - 852 Words

Migration is the movement of individuals from one place to another, which could be internationally and domestically. In this essay I will examine the patterns formed through internal migration of people from rural to urban places, which is considered to be the most significant form of migration. Migration of people is considered to be a choice or force of movement. This movement has many consequences at a level of the individual and the country as a while itself. (National Geographic Xpeditions, 2005) Populations in cities continue to grow through the migration of people from diverse locations. It has become more evident that urban places are more desirable compared to rural places as they are more accessible and provide features, which are preferred by most. A rural area is considered to be a geographic region where landscapes are considered to be open and population density is very low. An urban area is a geographic region where the location of everything is concentrated, population density is substantial and accessibility is maximised. (Morrison, 2015) Individual consequences. Originally the main cause, which led to urbanization and inter migration to cities, was the industrial revolution. People who live in rural areas often lack resources and are often pulled towards an urban place. Today this is mostly encouraged through social media, where people are believed they can live a richer life. There are many consequences that have impacted individuals socially,Show MoreRelatedThe Effect of Rural-Urban Migration in South Africa Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pageseffect of rural-urban migration on the four districts of the North West province in South Africa using Manova technique. INTRODUCTION This proposal is about the effect of rural-urban migration on the four districts of the North West province in South Africa. 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(Bolakale SRead MoreRural Urban Migration Is An Inevitable Component Of The Development Process1548 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween urbanization, poverty and development; and use a case study to illustrate the effects of rapid urbanization in LDC’s. Rural-urban migration occurs at varying rates in every country. This paper focuses on the process of rural-urban migration and its influence on urbanization in developing countries. It presents arguments in support of the proposal that rural-urban migration is an inevitable component of the development process, and does not necessarily have to result in opposing impacts with theRead MoreImpact Of Migrations Of Pastoral Peoples On The Middle Ages1332 Words   |  6 PagesPaper 2: Migrations and Pasturalists Analyze the impact that migrations of pastoral peoples had on the development of civilization from the Second Wave civilizations to those of the Middle Ages. It is called migration all population displacements that occurs from a place of origin to another destination and brings a change of habitual residence in the case of people .The history refers to the great cultural movements, economic geographical and political that led to massive displacements of theRead MoreBangladesh Is On The Right Track1233 Words   |  5 Pagesefficient government programs, assistance from NGOs, and the positive impact of migration. Understanding the factors that causes Bangladesh to be a poor country is vital. The main cause is overpopulation. Bangladesh is considered a small country when compared to it s population of more than 150 million people. Therefore, the resources cannot be distributed equally. Bangladesh is also a country that is prone to natural disasters such as floods. Many of the rural poor live in areas that are exposed toRead MoreChinese Economic Reform Research Paper1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthat has driven the nation to such prosperous heights and the drawbacks of the reforms especially the problems with economic inequality and migration. Twentieth Century China was dominated by revolutionary movements led by the revered Mao Zedong and members of the Chinese Communist Party. Mao’s leadership of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from 1949-1976 relied on the Soviet orthodox interpretation of Marxist principles (Chen, 2002). Thus, the state controlled the means of productionRead MoreThe Issue Of Mass Movement1439 Words   |  6 PagesMany people are unaware of the migration trend happening in Tennessee in which more and more people are leaving smaller, rural communities, and seeking to live in a larger, urban city. Even fewer individuals are aware of the harmful effects this has brought upon rural areas along with the effects that will continue to happen. The purpose of this recommendation memo is to educate more members of society on the problems this mass movement will cause, and show the research that has gone into thisRead MoreLast Grave Of Dimbaza Analysis1326 Words   |  6 Pag esalong the bases of migration, exploring the film â€Å"Last Grave of Dimbaza,† which occurs during the Apartheid era and comparing it to the book â€Å"Living, Loving, and Lying awake at Night by Sindiwe Magona,† which explores the idea of forced migration from the womans point of view. Both the film and the book exhibit the differences amongst the Whites and Blacks within South Africa. In compare and contrast, the film establishes a ground of separating the urban life in comparison to the rural life within South

Batter My Heart, Three-person’d God by John Donne Free Essays

The poem â€Å"Batter My Heart, Three-person’d God† by John Donne is a prayer to God from the poet. Donne is a struggling sinner, and the poem is his desperate cry for help. He wants God to be in his life, no matter how difficult and painful it is, and desires to be everything God wants him to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Batter My Heart, Three-person’d God by John Donne or any similar topic only for you Order Now The poem gives a sense of Donne’s complex relationship with God. It is apparent that he is in the midst of a struggle with good and evil, and begins with a plea to God to enter his heart by any means necessary and rid him of the evil that has taken over. Donne uses graphic and violent imagery throughout the poem as a way of showing his utter desperation. This imagery is used in an exaggerated way to convey Donne’s strong desire for God, as well as implying that there is something else that is hindering his ability to allow God in himself. In using the metaphor â€Å"batter my heart† in the first line, Donne is implying that he wants God to use his power like a battering ram to enter his heart. This gives a strong indication that there is some unknown force – be it sin, evil, or the devil – preventing Donne himself from allowing God to enter. He refers to God as the â€Å"three-personed God,† alluding to the Bible’s teaching of God as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Donne’s complaint is that God is not being aggressive enough in how he is dealing with him; the Father knocks, the Holy Spirit breathes, and the Son shines his light upon him, but Donne wants him to use his power more aggressively to â€Å"mend† him, help him become â€Å"new,† and force the evils out of him. The progression to violent imagery shows Donne’s desperation; he no longer wants God â€Å"knock,† but is asking him to â€Å"break† the door down, not simply â€Å"breathe† but to â€Å"blow,† and not â€Å"shine,† but to â€Å"burn. The use of alliteration with the words â€Å"break,† â€Å"breathe† and â€Å"blow† help in drawing attention to their severity, and emphasizing the extent of Donne’s desperation. He believes that in using these destructive actions, God will free him from his weaknesses and make him new again. In the second quatrain, it becomes clear that the first four lines are meant to be taken metaphorically, rather than literally. Donne likens his heart to a city that has been overtaken, and he wants God to be aggressive in taking it back. This expands upon the indication of the unknown force; Donne’s heart is the city that has been taken captive, and God is the savior that he wants to break down the gate and take it back by force. It becomes obvious in this quatrain that the previously unknown force holding Donne back is his sense reason and rationality. He shows that even his mind has failed him in his attempts to be close with God. Donne’s reason is what should be fighting for him in his battle and defending him, but instead is captured, shows weakness, and even lies to him. He suggests that although he believes God is the rightful ruler of his heart, his rationality has been impaired such that he cannot defend Him and let Him in. The sestet begins with further reinforcement of the notion that Donne wants God back in his life, no matter how difficult it may be. He begins by stating that even though his spiritual life is currently in a state of struggle, he still has a deep affection of God and wants to love and be loved by Him. His state of desperation is the result of this struggle. Donne quickly returns to the shocking imagery that has been prevalent throughout, claiming he is â€Å"betrothed† to the enemy. This claim of engagement to the devil is a paradox; he is not actually going to marry the devil, but at the time feels unwillingly more connected to God’s enemies and their ways than to God and God’s ways. He asks God to â€Å"divorce† him, to â€Å"untie or break† the engagement he has with the devil. At the end of the prayer, Donne uses two more paradoxes to explain how deep of a connection he wants to feel with God. He begs for God to imprison him to set him free and his feels as though God’s prison is the only way in which he can be truly free of his weaknesses, and pure of evils. He also begs to be ravished and filled with delight so that he may become pure, which carries some sexual imagery. As with the metaphor in the first quatrain, this is not a literal request; he simply wants to be convinced of the power of God, so that he can have a close and loving relationship with Him. These contradictions show a deeply emotional affection towards God, and when taken figuratively are very effective in conveying his message of desperation. Although â€Å"Batter My Heart, Three-person’d God† is filled with graphic and violent imagery, John Donne is not attempting to be crude or inappropriate. Donne is simply explaining his own tremulous relation with God, and uses the violent imagery as a means to show how desperate he has become in his mission to bring God back into his life. If he allows God to do whatever it takes, even if it means pain and the loss of his very freedom, he knows God can bring him into a close, loving relationship with Him and make him into the person he thinks God wants him to be. So he can pray, â€Å"Batter my heart,† â€Å"break, blow, burn,† â€Å"imprison me,† â€Å"enthrall† and â€Å"ravish† me, for he believes his God is a loving, pure, kind, and just â€Å"three-person’d God† and he trusts Him with his very heart, soul, and life. How to cite Batter My Heart, Three-person’d God by John Donne, Essay examples

Hollywood The Chinese Theatre and The Walk of Fame Essay Example For Students

Hollywood The Chinese Theatre and The Walk of Fame Essay Hollywood is not a city but a district of northwest Los Angeles. Hollywood was once a city but the lack of a successful water supply and independant sewage system led to its merger with Los Angeles in 1910. In that same year, D. W. Griffith a director of films, came to the west coast and shot the first film in California called In Old California. He later went back to New York and told everyone of that lovely place. It was during the First World War that Hollywood became the entertainment capital of the world, all other countries were experiencing the war in the own yards while the U. S. was untouched by it. After the war, everyone around the world knew about Hollywood and people would travel from all over to be part of that magic. Hollywood is known for their films and the district uses that to its advantage. There are landmarks all over Hollywood that can be recognized by almost anyone. The Hollywood Walk of Fame, The Chinese Theater, and of course the most famous the Hollywood sign. These structures represent Hollywood and its famous culture. The have influenced Hollywood and they continue to bring people all over the world to Hollywood. These structures are the outcome of the culture of the film industry in Hollywood, and it is also a mask to the people who come here to be famous. Hollywood makes it seem that everyone can be famous and achieve stardom and that is not true. Thousands of people come here thinking that, only to realize that it is very difficult to happen. What Hollywood culture does it inspires aspiring actor and film makers to come make their dream come true. Hollywood has been in existence for many years and continues to grow culturally and population wise. 1. Hollywoodland, 1923 The Hollywood sign was built in 1923 and it originally said Hollywoodland it was built as a giant advertisement for the housing development under the mountain. In the photo above is the original lettering of Hollywoodland (Figure 1), the H would letter be replaced because of an accident. Each letter is 30 feet wide and 50 feet tall. Below the Hollywood sign there were searchlights to attract and each letter had its own lights as well. The sign was only supposed to last only 1 year and a half. Then later the Film industry used the sign and was famous internationally. It wasnt till 1949 that the land in Hollywoodland would be removed so that it meant the district not the real estate development. The Hollywood sign would later begin to collapse around 1978 spelling out Hollyweed. Stars would donate around 27 thousand dollars per letter to restore them to their original glory. That is the sign we see now today. On February 7th 1973 the sign was added to the Los Angeles Historic Cultural monument. 2. Hollywood 1978 The Hollywood sign is one of the most recognized signs in the world. It was built during the film industrys migration from the east to the west. The year 1923 was booming with many films most studios moved from New York to Hollywood because of Edisons wrath in New York. The culture was beginning for Hollywood people were beginning to notice that the central hub of the movie industry was in Hollywood. Immigrants looking to be famous, citizens looking for fame all came to Hollywood and were greeted with the sign. Once the sign was due to be removed it was never let down it had become part of the city. During 1927 and 1963 these were the years of the Hollywood Golden Age. As Hollywood started to collapse in the 1970s many things started to change. Studios were challenged financially and audience were getting tired of the same films being made. The state of Hollywood was seen through its sign. Falling apart and being neglected. The system that Hollywood had in the 1930s had all but collapsed. 3. Graumans Chinese Theater, 1973 Graumans Chinese Theatre was built January 16th 1926, and had its first premiere in May 18th 1927. The first film to premiere was Cecil DeMilles The King of Kings. Thousands came to see the celebrities and the Chinese theatre then open to the public the day after. Since that premiere at the Chinese theater, it has hosted hundreds of movie premiers. Sid Grauman decided to build the Chinese theater after his great success with his Egyptian theater. It was Graumans idea to create concrete forecourt that later would be the famous footprint forecourt. It was said that the footprints in the concrete was an accident but Grauman kept the idea. Today you can go to the Chinese theater and see footprints of your favorite celebrities. The film jaws EssayActors were no longer employed by the studios and now had to audition to be in movie from the studios. This was during the time when the Hollywood sign in figure 2 started to collapse. No longer paid a weekly-based salary but an amount to be in the film. Some stars struggled with the system and just retired. This led the way for new actors and directors to have a chance to work in the new Hollywood system. The new system gave new opportunities but people were still coming to California and not finding work. In this era, it wasnt just about coming to Hollywood to find a job. You needed to know someone who worked in the business. 65 percent of people who received jobs in the movie industry in the 1970s was through connections. Steven Spielberg was a person who got a job working with a friend as an assistant director and eventually he worked his way up. Only 10 percent of people who came to Hollywood to get a job in the industry actually got it the rest either went back home or got a job somewhere else. Another 10 percent went to go be part of the adult industry either making it there or eventually giving up. The adult industry eventually began to receive strict rules and was no longer shown in theaters the same way as films. In the 1990s Hollywood was starting a new turn with technology. By the 1990s, Chinese theater was being visited by more than a million people a year. Today the theater still has premieres and hundreds of people still go to see the stars that attend them. The Hollywood sign is the most recognizable landmark in the world and to this stay still greets everyone. Hollywood studios no longer fill Hollywood in fact the only studio to still be in Hollywood is Paramount. All the other have moved around the areas but not far from Hollywood. The Hollywood walk of fame was restored in 2008 replacing the broken stars with new ones. As of 2008 there are 2,365 stars on the walk of fame and that number continues to grow. Hollywood at its height was a dream but during the 70s and 80s it achieved its worst state. That was when Hollywood fate was uncertain, and people didnt want to invest in a future that was uncertain. The buildings deteriorated and were facing many problems. It wasnt till the 90s that when Hollywood saw a future in CGI and Digital Production that Hollywood then began to embrace the future. By 2010 all most all-historic building in Hollywood would be restored. 6. Todays Walk of Fame Hollywood is still a dream for people. A survey stated that people still dream of becoming movie stars. It has been a rough ride for Hollywood with the emergence of internet and home video Hollywood is finding it difficult to attract the same amount of people it once did in the 1920s. Hollywood for its culture and history is one of the most visited places on earth. People come all over the world to see were there famous stars have laid to rest or were they stepped in cement. There homes are shown in tours and there is no way of ignoring the presence of that Hollywood sign up on that hill. Figure 6 shows the walk of fame today. F But where ever you walk in Hollywood boulevard just look down and see the culture of Hollywood on your feet and in that star with a celebrity that changed the world in the past or in the present, but see a blank star and you can see a celebrity that is going to change the future. Bibliography: 1. Custen, George F. Hollywood History and the Production of Culture. Journal of Communication, 36.2 (1986): 123-133. 2. Jones, Janna. Channeling Hollywood. Journal of Popular Film Television, 31.3 (2003): 109-108. 3. Nardi, Peter m. The Reality of Illusion: The Magic Castle in Hollywood. Contexts, 5.1 (2006): 66-69. 4. Raesch, Monika. Alison Trope, Stardust Monuments: The Saving and Selling of Hollywood. International Journal of Communication (Online), (2012): 1894-1897. 5. McKenna, Denise. The Photoplay or the Pickaxe: Extras, Gender, and Labour in Early Hollywood. Film History: An International Journal, 23.1 (2011): 5-19. 6. Ruscha, Edward. Then Now : Hollywood Boulevard 1973-2004. GoÃÅ'ˆttingen: Steidl, 2005. 7. Jaffe, Matthew. Hollywood Palaces. Sunset, 188.2 (1992): 76.

Math in your feet! Essays - Geometry, Elementary Geometry

Math in your feet?! 3984625571500 When most people think of geometry , they think of triangle s, circles, or other flat shapes . But after spending just a little time in a Math in Your Feet workshop , they may very well start picturing geometry as the angle of a step, the arc of a leap, or t he symmetry of arms spread wide . They can also create patterns with their movements loud ones, if tap shoes are involved. But could tying math to something more dynamic and three-dimensional, like dance , help contextualize it within that bigger picture? Rosenfeld decided to find out. Since she didn't have the background to develop a curriculum on her own, she turned to an educator named Jane Cooney, a mathematics coach in Indianapolis. After working with Cooney for about nine months, Rosenfeld developed an initial version of Math in Your Feet . The program has since integrated a range of math concepts. It is also aligned with the Common Core standards for math . The program is geared toward elementary school students, and it teaches everything from fractions (by learning the difference between a quarter- and a half-turn), congruence (by dancing in unison) and reflection symmetry (by taking opposite but equal steps).

A Sample of College Admission Essay Can Help You With Your Admission Essay

A Sample of College Admission Essay Can Help You With Your Admission EssayA sample of college admission essay can be the key to landing that scholarship you're after. It is also the foundation for one's academic future. This will be a wonderful tool to help you with your college applications.All it takes is the guidance and practice of an admissions officer, or a friend who has successfully done the same, who can really help you with a sample of college admission essay. Even though it may seem like the writing process is very time consuming, it is really a step by step process which will get you into a top ranked school.To begin your college admission essay, all you have to do is to set aside some time in your schedule to think over the things you want to include in your essay. Do not be disheartened by the process as it is a relatively simple and easy one. Just know that there are countless details that can be embellished into the essay. However, do be sure that you make good use of the information you have so that it suits your personality and reflects you well.Make sure you choose a topic that you truly love and is related to your purpose in college and life in general. You can definitely come up with a topic that is based on your passions. College admission essays are the best way to show your personality to the world.After you've written your college admission essay, it is now time to craft a good outline for it. An outline can be the starting point for your essay. You should include the exact topic of your essay, what you are going to say, how you are going to write it, and how many pages it will be.You need to start by breaking down your college admission essay to the most important parts. Take your time with this. Take your time writing a concise piece of work to impress the admissions officer and keep it short and sweet.When you have written your college admission essay, then it is time to choose what to include in it. You can leave out some things to focus on other areas. The more personal your essay is, the better.As you finish writing your college admission essay, make sure that you explain the benefits that you have to offer the college you are applying to. Include some examples from the subjects you are studying so that you can prove your abilities. You will find your college admission essay not only useful but very exciting too.

FDP Consumer Behavior and International marketing †Marketing Research Paper

FDP Consumer Behavior and International marketing – Marketing Research Paper Free Online Research Papers FDP Consumer Behavior and International marketing Marketing Research Paper (400 Level Course) Louis Vuitton is an excellent example of having brand loyalty in a global market. Louis Vuitton is a staple product for those that can afford it. It became a staple product because of its customer service and product guarantee. A Louis Vuitton bag is supposed to last longer than the owner’s life time. When a Louis Vuitton bag becomes damaged it is replaced or fixed for free without questions or hassles. I have been intrigued by the buying of fake Louis Vuitton items and other designer items on this voyage. I have been following the consumer loyalty to fake Louis Vuitton items and other designer products throughout our voyage. In Japan there were no fake purses, shoes, wallets, or sunglasses to be found. There were large extensive markets and malls but there were no booths with racks of fake purses, shoes, watches, wallets, or sunglasses. In our port of call, Kobe, there were large Louis Vuitton, Channel, and Gucci stores but the prices were double those of the stores in the United States and Europe because of the tax on imported goods. I was very surprised by the lack of fake merchandise in Japan’s markets. The lack of fake merchandise made it seem as if the Japanese were above buying into the market of contraband. They only had real items; it seemed to be decision based on economic and prestige-driven cultural values. In Japan if you can afford to buy a designer bag then you do it. The Japenese do not buy fake merchandise. I did not observe any Japanese with fake Louis Vuitton items. I did not observe any students with new Louis Vuitton bags after Japan. I wondered if the price was a det errent or the lack of fake items was the reason. My observations lead me to believe it was the lack of fake items was the reason they were not purchased. In International Marketing, we discussed how the Chinese were great copiers of business and would copy your business down to the last detail and open up a shop right next to yours. Well, the Chinese are not just great copiers they are the best copiers of fake designer merchandise. I followed my Louis Vuitton habit through the markets in Shanghai and in Bejing. Wow! The craftsmanship was amazing. I found fake Louis Vuitton’s, Prada, Gucci, Channel, and others that were identical to the real ones. The only difference was the fact that they did not have serial numbers in them. They had the correct color scheme, logo, stitching, weight, texture, zippers, and clasps. I also found many bad copies. Yet, I have not found a large loyal customer following to real Louis Vuitton items on the ship. After China, I saw many people on the ship with new Louis Vuitton bags that were obviously not real. The LV logos were put on seams, the colors were off, zippers were not Louis Zippers, had different flowers, were not made of real leather and displayed other small details that prove purses to be fake. I started to wonder if these fake purses were hurtful to Loui s Vuitton or brand recognition for consumers. I decided no. I do not think that Louis Vuitton is suffering economically from the fake purses or worried about their existence in the market. The average Louis Vuitton purse cost above seven hundred dollars ($700). The average fake on the market was ($40) forty dollars and a very good fake was more than a hundred dollars ($100). A consumer who is willing to pay forty ($40) dollars for a fake purse is not the consumer Louis Vuitton is targeting in its market segments. Research Papers on FDP Consumer Behavior and International marketing - Marketing Research PaperDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeOpen Architechture a white paperRiordan Manufacturing Production Plan

The History of Video Recorders and Television

The History of Video Recorders and Television Charles Ginsburg led the research team at Ampex Corporation in developing one of the first practical videotape recorders or VTRs in 1951. It captured live images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses and saving the information on magnetic tape. By 1956, VTR technology was perfected and in common use by the television industry. But Ginsburg wasn’t done yet. He led the Ampex research team in developing a new machine that could run the tape at a much slower rate because the recording heads rotated at high speed. This allowed the necessary high-frequency response. He became known as the father of the video cassette recorder.†Ã‚  Ampex sold the first VTR for $50,000 in 1956, and the first VCassetteRs or VCRs were sold by Sony in 1971. The Early Days of Video Recording Film was initially the only medium available for recording television programs magnetic tape was considered, and it was already being used for sound, but the greater quantity of information carried by the television signal demanded new studies. A number of American companies began investigating this problem during the 1950s.   Tape Recording Technology Audio and video magnetic recording have had a greater impact on broadcasting than any other development since the invention of radio/TV transmission itself. Videotape in a large cassette format was  introduced by both JVC and Panasonic around 1976. This was the most popular format for home use and for video store rentals for many years until it was replaced by CDs and DVDs. VHS stands for Video Home System. The First Television Cameras American engineer, scientist and inventor Philo Taylor Farnsworth devised the television camera in the 1920s, although he would later declare that theres nothing on it worthwhile. It was an â€Å"image dissector† that converted a captured imagine into an electrical signal. Farnsworth was born in 1906 on Indian Creek in Beaver County, Utah.  His parents expected him to become a concert violinist but his interests drew him to experiments with electricity. He built an electric motor and produced the first electric washing machine his family ever owned at the age of 12. He then went on to attend Brigham Young University where he researched television picture transmission. Farnsworth had already conceived of his idea for television while in high school, and he cofounded Crocker Research Laboratories in 1926 which he later renamed Farnsworth Television, Inc. He then changed the name again to Farnsworth Radio and Television Corporation in 1938. Farnsworth was the first inventor to transmit a television image comprised of 60 horizontal lines in 1927. He was only 21 years old. The image was a dollar sign. One of the keys to his success was the development of the  dissector tube that essentially translated images into electrons that could be transmitted to a TV. He filed for his first television patent in 1927. He had already won an earlier patent for his image dissection tube, but he lost later patent battles to RCA, which owned the rights to many of inventor  Vladimir Zworkyin’s  TV patents. Farnsworth went on to invent over 165 different devices. He held over 300 patents by the end of his career, including a number of significant television patents although he was not a fan of what his discoveries had wrought. His final years were spent battling depression and alcohol. He died on March 11, 1971, in Salt Lake City, Utah. Digital Photography and Video Stills Digital camera technology is directly related to and evolved from the same technology that once recorded  television  images. Both television/video cameras and digital cameras use a CCD or charged coupled device to sense light color and intensity. A still video or digital camera called the Sony Mavica single-lens reflex was first demonstrated in 1981. It used a fast-rotating magnetic disc that was two inches in diameter and could record up to 50 images formed in a solid-state device inside the camera. The images were played back through a television receiver or monitor, or they could be printed out. Advancements in Digital Technology   NASA converted from using analog to digital signals with their space probes to map the surface of the moon in the 1960s, sending digital images back to earth. Computer technology was also advancing at this time and NASA used computers to enhance the images that the space probes were sending.  Digital imaging had another government use at the time – in spy satellites. Government use of digital technology helped advance the science of digital imaging, and the private sector also made significant contributions. Texas Instruments patented a filmless electronic camera in 1972, the first to do so. Sony released the Sony Mavica electronic still camera in August 1981, the first commercial electronic camera. Images were recorded onto a mini disc and placed into a video reader that was connected to a television monitor or color printer. The early Mavica cannot be considered a true digital camera, however, even though it started the digital camera revolution. It was a video camera that took video freeze-frames. The First Digital Cameras   Since the mid-1970s, Kodak has invented several solid-state image sensors that convert  light to digital pictures for professional and home consumer use. Kodak scientists invented the worlds first megapixel sensor in 1986, capable of recording 1.4 million pixels that could produce a 5 x 7-inch digital photo-quality print. Kodak released seven products for recording, storing, manipulating, transmitting and printing electronic still video images in 1987, and in 1990, the company developed the Photo CD system and proposed the first worldwide standard for defining color in the digital environment of computers and computer peripherals. Kodak released the first professional digital camera system (DCS), aimed at photojournalists in 1991, a Nikon F-3 camera equipped with a 1.3-megapixel sensor. The first digital cameras for the consumer  market that would work with a home computer via a serial cable were the Apple QuickTake camera in 1994, the Kodak DC40 camera in 1995, the Casio QV-11 also in 1995, and Sonys Cyber-Shot Digital Still Camera in 1996. Kodak entered into an aggressive co-marketing campaign to promote its DC40 and to help introduce the idea of digital photography to the public. Kinkos and Microsoft both collaborated with Kodak to create digital image-making software workstations and kiosks which allowed customers to produce photo CD discs and add digital images to documents. IBM collaborated with Kodak in making an Internet-based network image exchange. Hewlett-Packard was the first company to make color inkjet printers that complemented the new digital camera images. The marketing worked and now digital cameras are everywhere.